Nutrient Content at the Sediment-Water Interface of Tile-Fed Agricultural Drainage Ditches 英文参考文献.docVIP

Water 2010, 2, 411-428; doi:10.3390/w2030411 OPEN ACCESS water ISSN 2073-4441 /journal/water Article Nutrient Content at the Sediment-Water Interface of Tile-Fed Agricultural Drainage Ditches Laurent Ahiablame 1, Indrajeet Chaubey 1,* and Douglas Smith 2 1 Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2093, USA; E-Mail: lamah@ 2 National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 275 S. Russell Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2093, USA; E-Mail: drsmith@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ichaubey@; Tel.: +1-765-494-1162; Fax: +1-765-496-1115. Received: 9 July 2010; in revised form: 3 August 2010 / Accepted: 10 August 2010 / Published: 12 August 2010 Abstract: Extensive network of tile drains present in the Midwest USA accelerate losses of nutrients to receiving ditches, rivers and eventually to the Gulf of Mexico. Nutrient inputs from agricultural watersheds and their role in affecting water quality have received increased attention recently; however, benthic sediment-nutrient interactions in tile-fed drainage ditches is still a matter of active research in consideration to nutrient discharge from tile drains. In this study, phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) contents and variability of nutrient retention ability of benthic sediments upstream and downstream from tile drain outlets were evaluated in managed agricultural drainage ditches in Indiana. Sediment samples were collected every three months upstream and downstream from selected tile drains in three ditches in northwest Indiana. Sediment equilibrium P concentrations (EPC ) 0 were measured to examine P adsorption-desorption and equilibrium characteristics of benthic sediments in the ditches. P sorption index (PSI), exchangeable P (ExP), and exchangeable NH4+-N (ExN) were measured to evaluate n