Object-Based Image Analysis of Downed Logs in Disturbed Forested Landscapes Using Lidar 英文参考文献.docVIP

Remote Sens. 2011, 3, 2420-2439; doi:10.3390/rs3112420 OPEN ACCESS Remote Sensing ISSN 2072-4292 /journal/remotesensing Article Object-Based Image Analysis of Downed Logs in Disturbed Forested Landscapes Using Lidar Samuel D. Blanchard, Marek K. Jakubowski and Maggi Kelly * Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, and Management, College of Natural Resources, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; E-Mails: sablanchard@ (S.D.B.); marek@ (M.K.J.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: maggi@. Received: 20 September 2011; in revised form: 9 November 2011 / Accepted: 10 November 2011 / Published: 16 November 2011 Abstract: Downed logs on the forest floor provide habitat for species, fuel for forest fires, and function as a key component of forest nutrient cycling and carbon storage. Ground-based field surveying is a conventional method for mapping and characterizing downed logs but is limited. In addition, optical remote sensing methods have not been able to map these ground targets due to the lack of optical sensor penetrability into the forest canopy and limited sensor spectral and spatial resolutions. Lidar (light detection and ranging) sensors have become a more viable and common data source in forest science for detailed mapping of forest structure. This study evaluates the utility of discrete, multiple return airborne lidar-derived data for image object segmentation and classification of downed logs in a disturbed forested landscape and the efficiency of rule-based object-based image analysis (OBIA) and classification algorithms. Downed log objects were successfully delineated and classified from lidar derived metrics using an OBIA framework. 73% of digitized downed logs were completely or partially classified correctly. Over classification occurred in areas with large numbers of logs cluster