Observations on the Endemic Pygmy Three-Toed Sloth, Bradypus pygmaeus of Isla Escudo de Veraguas, Panamá 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Observations on the Endemic Pygmy Three-Toed Sloth, Bradypus pygmaeus of Isla Escudo de Veraguas, Panamá 英文参考文献.doc

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Observations on the Endemic Pygmy Three-Toed Sloth, Bradypus pygmaeus of Isla Escudo de Veraguas, Panamá 英文参考文献

ObservationsontheEndemicPygmyThree-ToedSloth, BradypuspygmaeusofIslaEscudodeVeraguas,Panama′ SamKaviar.,JakobShockey*.,PeterSundberg. TheEvergreenStateCollege,Olympia,Washington,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract OurobjectivewastoascertainthepopulationstatusofthePygmyThree-toedSloth,Bradypuspygmaeus,anIUCNCritically Endangered species, on Isla Escudo de Veraguas, Panama. Bradypus pygmaeus are thought to be folivorous mangrove specialists;thereforeweconductedavisualsystematicsurveyofall10mangrovethicketsontheisland.Thetotalmangrove habitat area was measured to be 1.67ha, comprising 0.024% of the total island area. The population survey found low numbers of B. pygmaeus in the mangrove thickets and far lower numbers outside of them. The connectivity of subpopulationsbetweenthesethicketsontheislandisnotestablished,asB.pygmaeusmovementdataisstilllacking.We found79individualsofB.pygmaeus;70werefoundinmangrovesand9wereobservedjustbeyondtheperipheryofthe mangrovesinnon-mangrovetreespecies.Lowpopulationnumber,habitatfragmentationandhabitatlosscouldleadto inbreeding,alossofgeneticdiversity,andextinctionofB.pygmaeus. Citation: Kaviar S, Shockey J, Sundberg P (2012) Observations on the Endemic Pygmy Three-Toed Sloth, Bradypus pygmaeus of Isla Escudo de Veraguas, Panama′. PLoSONE7(11):e49854.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049854 Editor:AlistairRobertEvans,MonashUniversity,Australia ReceivedMay4,2012;AcceptedOctober18,2012;PublishedNovember21,2012 Copyright: ? 2012 Kaviar etal. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:Theauthorshavenosupportorfundingtoreport. CompetingInterests:Theauthorshavedeclaredthatnocompetinginterestsexist. *E-mail:jakob.shockey@ .Theseauthorscontributedequallytothiswork. Introduction mangrove habitat size and quality as well as geographic distributionofhabitatsonIslaEscudo. T