Owner reports of attention, activity, and impulsivity in dogs a replication study 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Owner reports of attention, activity, and impulsivity in dogs a replication study 英文参考文献.doc

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Owner reports of attention, activity, and impulsivity in dogs a replication study 英文参考文献

Litetal.BehavioralandBrainFunctions2010,6:1 /content/6/1/1 RESEARCH OpenAccess Ownerreportsofattention,activity,and impulsivityindogs:areplicationstudy LisaLit1,2*,JulieBSchweitzer2,Ana-MariaIosif3,AnitaMOberbauer4 Abstract Background:Whendevelopingbehaviourmeasurementtoolsthatusethirdpartyassessments,suchasparent report,itisimportanttodemonstratereliabilityofresultingscalesthroughreplicationusingnovelcohorts.The domesticdoghasbeensuggestedasamodeltoinvestigatenormalvariationinattention,hyperactivity,and impulsivebehavioursimpairedinAttentionDeficitHyperactiveDisorder(ADHD).ThehumanADHDRatingScale, modifiedfordogsandusingowner-directedsurveys,wasappliedinaEuropeansample.Weaskedwhether findingswouldbereplicatedutilizinganInternetsurveyinanovelsample,whereunassistedsurveycompletion, participantattitudesandbreedsmightaffectpreviousfindings. Methods:Usingaslightlymodifiedversionofthepriorsurvey,wecollectedresponses(n=1030,118breeds representing7breedgroups)primarilyintheUnitedStatesandCanada.Thisstudywasconductedusingan Internetsurveymechanism. Results:Reliabilityanalysesconfirmedtwoscalespreviouslyidentifiedfordogs(inattention[IA],hyperactivity- impulsivity[HA-IM]).Modelsincludingage,trainingstatus,andbreedgroupaccountedforverylittlevariancein subscales,withnoeffectofgender. Conclusions:Thefactorinvariancedemonstratedinthesefindingsconfirmsthatownerreport,usingthismodified humanquestionnaire,providesdogscoresaccordingto“inattention”and“hyperactivity-impulsivity”axes.Further characterizationofnaturallyoccurringvariabilityofattention,activity,andimpulsivityindomesticdogsmay provideinsightintogeneticbackgroundsunderlyingbehavioursimpairedinattentionandassociateddisorders. Background construct (theoretical rationale), and predictive (cor- Attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD),aneu- rectlypredictbehaviouralandbiologicalcharacteristics) rodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, validity [7]. More specific criteria described for face hyperactivity, a