Paleogenetic Analyses Reveal Unsuspected Phylogenetic Affinities between Mice and the Extinct Malpaisomys insularis, an Endemic Rodent of the Canaries 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Paleogenetic Analyses Reveal Unsuspected Phylogenetic Affinities between Mice and the Extinct Malpaisomys insularis, an Endemic Rodent of the Canaries 英文参考文献.doc

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Paleogenetic Analyses Reveal Unsuspected Phylogenetic Affinities between Mice and the Extinct Malpaisomys insularis, an Endemic Rodent of the Canaries 英文参考文献

PaleogeneticAnalysesRevealUnsuspectedPhylogenetic AffinitiesbetweenMiceandtheExtinctMalpaisomys insularis,anEndemicRodentoftheCanaries MariePage`s1.¤a,PascaleChevret1*.b¤,MurielGros-Balthazard1¤c,SandrineHughes1,JosepAntoni Alcover2,3,RainerHutterer4,JuanCarlosRando5,6,JacquesMichaux7,CatherineHa¨nni1 1Institut de Ge′nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Universite′ de Lyon, Universite′ Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supe′rieure de Lyon, Lyon, France, 2Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avanc?ats, Esporles, Mallorca, Spain, 3Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America,4ZoologischesForschungsmuseumAlexanderKoenig,Bonn,Germany,5DepartamentodeBiolog?′aAnimal(UDIZoolog?′a),UniversidaddeLaLagunaLaLaguna, Tenerife, CanaryIslands, Spain, 6Island Ecology andEvolution ResearchGroup (IPNA-CSIC), LaLaguna, Tenerife,Canary Islands, Spain, 7EPHE–ISEM, UMR5554 CNRS Universite′ MontpellierII,Universite′ deMontpellier,Montpellier,France Abstract Background:Thelavamouse,Malpaisomysinsularis,wasendemictotheEasternCanaryislandsandbecameextinctatthe beginning of the 14th century when the Europeans reached the archipelago. Studies to determine Malpaisomys’ phylogenetic affinities, based on morphological characters, remained inconclusive because morphological changes experienced by this insular rodent make phylogenetic investigations a real challenge. Over 20 years since its first description,Malpaisomys’phylogeneticpositionremainsenigmatic. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this study, we resolved this issue using molecular characters. Mitochondrial and nuclear markers were successfully amplified from subfossils of three lava mouse samples. Molecular phylogenetic reconstructionsrevealed,withoutanyambiguity,unsuspectedrelationshipsbetweenMalpaisomysandextantmice(genus Mus,Murinae).Moreover, through molecular dating weestimated the originof the Malpaisomys/mouse clade at6.9Ma, correspondingtothemaximalageatwhichthearchipelagowa