Pathways of Carbon and Energy Metabolism of the Epibiotic Community Associated with the Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Shrimp Rimicaris exoculata 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Pathways of Carbon and Energy Metabolism of the Epibiotic Community Associated with the Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Shrimp Rimicaris exoculata 英文参考文献.doc

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Pathways of Carbon and Energy Metabolism of the Epibiotic Community Associated with the Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Shrimp Rimicaris exoculata 英文参考文献

PathwaysofCarbonandEnergyMetabolismofthe EpibioticCommunityAssociatedwiththeDeep-Sea HydrothermalVentShrimpRimicarisexoculata MichaelHu¨gler1,2¤,JillianM.Petersen3,NicoleDubilier3,JohannesF.Imhoff2,StefanM.Sievert1* 1Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America, 2Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, IFM- GEOMAR,Kiel,Germany,3MaxPlanckInstituteforMarineMicrobiology,Bremen,Germany Abstract Background:TheshrimpRimicarisexoculatadominatesthefaunalbiomassatmanydeep-seahydrothermalventsitesatthe Mid-AtlanticRidge.Initsenlargedgillchamberitharborsaspecializedepibioticbacterialcommunityforwhichanutritional rolehasbeenproposed. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:WeanalyzedspecimensfromtheSnakePithydrothermalventfieldontheMid-Atlantic Ridge by complementing a 16S rRNA gene survey with the analysis of genes involved in carbon, sulfur and hydrogen metabolism. In addition to Epsilon- and Gammaproteobacteria, the epibiotic community unexpectedly also consists of Deltaproteobacteriaofasinglephylotype,closelyrelatedtothegenusDesulfocapsa.Theassociationofthesephylogenetic groups with the shrimp was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Based on functional gene analyses, we hypothesize that the Gamma- and Epsilonproteobacteria are capable of autotrophic growth by oxidizing reduced sulfur compounds, and that the Deltaproteobacteria are also involved in sulfur metabolism. In addition, the detection of proteobacterial hydrogenases indicates the potential for hydrogen oxidation in these communities. Interestingly, the frequencyofthesephylotypesin16SrRNAgeneclonelibrariesfromthemouthpartsdifferfromthatoftheinnerliningof thegillchamber,indicatingpotentialfunctionalcompartmentalization. Conclusions: Our data show the specific association of autotrophic bacteria with Rimicaris exoculata from the Snake Pit hydrothermalventfield,andsuggestthatautotrophiccarbonfixationiscontributingtotheproductivityoftheepibiotic communit