Peer Review, Program Officers and Science Funding 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Peer Review, Program Officers and Science Funding 英文参考文献.doc

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Peer Review, Program Officers and Science Funding 英文参考文献

PeerReview,ProgramOfficersandScienceFunding PaulJ.Roebber1*,DavidM.Schultz2,3,4 1AtmosphericScienceGroup,DepartmentofMathematicalSciences,UniversityofWisconsinatMilwaukee,Milwaukee,Wisconsin,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2Centrefor Atmospheric Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, 3Division of Atmospheric Sciences,DepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofHelsinki,Helsinki,Finland,4FinnishMeteorologicalInstitute,Helsinki,Finland Abstract Increasedcompetitionforresearchfundinghasledtogrowthinproposalsubmissionsandlowerfunding-successrates.An agent-basedmodelofthefundingcycle,accountingforvariationsinprogramofficerandreviewerbehaviors,forarangeof fundingrates,isusedtoassesstheefficiencyofdifferentproposal-submissionstrategies.Programofficerswhousemore reviewers and require consensus can improve the chances of scientists submitting fewer proposals. Selfish or negligent reviewers reduce the effectiveness of submitting more proposals, but have less influence as available funding declines. Policies designed to decrease proposal submissions reduce reviewer workload, but can lower the quality of funded proposals.Whenavailablefundingfallsbelow10–15%inthismodel,themosteffectivestrategyforscientiststomaintain fundingistosubmitmanyproposals. Citation:RoebberPJ,SchultzDM(2011)PeerReview,ProgramOfficersandScienceFunding.PLoSONE6(4):e18680.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018680 Editor:CameronNeylon,ScienceandTechnologyFacilitiesCouncil,UnitedKingdom ReceivedNovember6,2010;AcceptedMarch15,2011;PublishedApril12,2011 Copyright:?2011Roebber,Schultz.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:Theseauthorshavenosupportorfundingtoreport. CompetingInterests:Theauthorshavedeclaredthatnocompetinginterestsexist. *E-mail:roebber@ Introduction Methods AttheU.S.National