PCF-Based Cavity Enhanced Spectroscopic Sensors for Simultaneous Multicomponent Trace Gas Analysis 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2011, 11, 1620-1640; doi:10.3390/s110201620 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Review PCF-Based Cavity Enhanced Spectroscopic Sensors for Simultaneous Multicomponent Trace Gas Analysis Walter M. Nakaema, Zuo-Qiang Hao, Philipp Rohwetter, Ludger W?ste and Kamil Stelmaszczyk * Institute of Experimental Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany; E-Mails: walternak@usp.br (W.M.N.); zuoqiang.hao@fu-berlin.de (Z.-Q.H.); philipp.rohwetter@fu-berlin.de (P.R.); ludger.woeste@fu-berlin.de (L.W.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: kamil.stelmaszczyk@fu-berlin.de; Tel.: +49-30-838-561-19; Fax: +49-30-838-534-44. Received: 20 October 2010; in revised form: 16 November 2010 / Accepted: 04 January 2011 / Published: 27 January 2011 Abstract: A multiwavelength, multicomponent CRDS gas sensor operating on the basis of a compact photonic crystal fibre supercontinuum light source has been constructed. It features a simple design encompassing one radiation source, one cavity and one detection unit (a spectrograph with a fitted ICCD camera) that are common for all wavelengths. Multicomponent detection capability of the device is demonstrated by simultaneous measurements of the absorption spectra of molecular oxygen (spin-forbidden b-X branch) and water vapor (polyads 4v, 4v + δ) in ambient atmospheric air. Issues related to multimodal cavity excitation, as well as to obtaining the best signal-to-noise ratio are discussed together with methods for their practical resolution based on operating the cavity in a “quasi continuum” mode and setting long camera gate widths, respectively. A comprehensive review of multiwavelength CRDS techniques is also given. Keywords: molecular spectroscopy; cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy; cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy; photonic crystal fibres; supercontinuum las