Patterns of Fluctuating Asymmetry and Shape Variation in Chironomus riparius (Diptera, Chironomidae) Exposed to Nonylphenol or Lead 英文参考文献.docVIP

PatternsofFluctuatingAsymmetryandShapeVariation inChironomusriparius(Diptera,Chironomidae)Exposed toNonylphenolorLead He′le`neArambourou1,2*,Jean-NicolasBeisel2,PhilippeBranchu1,VincentDebat3 1CETEIledeFrance,Unite′ qualite′ deseauxetdessols,IFSTTAR-ERAnu35,Trappes,France,2Universite′ deLorraine,LaboratoireLIEBECNRS-UMR7146,Metz,France, 3UMR5202OSEB,De′partementSyste′matiqueetEvolution,MuseumNationald’HistoireNaturelle,Paris,France Abstract Deformitiesandfluctuatingasymmetryinchironomidlarvaehavebeenproposedassensitiveindicatorsofbiologicalstress and are commonly used to assess the ecological impact of human activities. In particular, they have been associated in Chironomus riparius, the most commonly used species, with heavy metal and pesticide river pollution. In this study, the effectofleadand4-nonylphenolonmouthpartmorphologicalvariationofChironomusripariuslarvaewasinvestigatedby traditionalandgeometricmorphometrics.Forthispurpose,firsttofourthinstarlarvaewereexposedtosedimentspiked withlead(from3.0to456.9mg/kgdryweight)or4-NP(from0.1to198.8mg/kgdryweight).Mentumphenotypicresponse to pollutants was assessed by four parameters: (1) the frequency of deformities, (2) fluctuating asymmetry of mentum length,(3)fluctuatingasymmetryofmentumshapeand(4)thementummeanshapechanges.Despitethebioaccumulation of pollutants in the chironomid’s body, no significant differences between control and stressed groups were found for mouthpart deformities and fluctuating asymmetry of mentum length. Slight effects on mentum shape fluctuating asymmetrywereobservedfortwostressedgroups.Significantmeanshapechanges,consistingoftoothsizeincreaseand tooth closing, were detected for lead and 4-NP exposure respectively. Those variations, however, were negligible in comparisontomentumshapechangesduetogeneticeffects.Theseresultssuggestthattheuseofmentumvariationasan indicatoroftoxicstressinChironomusripariusshouldbeconsideredcautiously. Citation: Arambourou H, Beisel J-N, Branchu P, Debat