Peeling Plaids Apart Context Counteracts Cross-Orientation Contrast Masking 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Peeling Plaids Apart Context Counteracts Cross-Orientation Contrast Masking 英文参考文献.doc

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Peeling Plaids Apart Context Counteracts Cross-Orientation Contrast Masking 英文参考文献

PeelingPlaidsApart:ContextCounteracts Cross-OrientationContrastMasking ElliotFreeman1*,PreetiVerghese2 1DepartmentofPsychology,CityUniversity,London,UnitedKingdom,2SmithKettlewellEyeResearchInstitute,SanFrancisco,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background: Contrast discrimination for an image is usually harder if another image is superimposed on top. We asked whethersuchcontrastmaskingmaybeenhancedorrelieveddependingoncuespromotingintegrationofbothimagesasa singlepattern,versussegmentationintotwoindependentcomponents. MethodologyPrincipalFindings:Contrastdiscriminationthresholdsforafovealtestgratingweresharplyelevatedinthe presence of a perfectly overlapping orthogonally-oriented mask grating. However thresholds returned to the unmasked baselinewhenasurroundgratingwasadded,havingthesameorientationandphaseofeitherthetestormaskgrating. Bothsuchmaskingand‘unmasking’effectsweremuchstrongerformovingthanstaticstimuli. ConclusionsSignificance:Ourresultssuggestthatcommon-fatemotionreinforcestheperceptionofasinglecoherent plaid pattern, while the surround helps to identify each component independently, thus peeling the plaid apart again. Theseresultschallengecurrentmodelsofearlyvision,suggestingthathigher-levelsurfaceorganizationinfluencescontrast encoding,determiningwhetherthecontrastofagratingmayberecoveredindependentlyfromthatofitsmask. Citation: Freeman E, Verghese P (2009) Peeling Plaids Apart: Context Counteracts Cross-Orientation Contrast Masking. PLoS ONE 4(12): e8123. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0008123 Editor:EhsanArabzadeh,UniversityofNewSouthWales,Australia ReceivedJuly1,2009;AcceptedSeptember25,2009;PublishedDecember2,2009 Copyright:?2009Freeman,Verghese.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:ThisstudywassupportedbySmith-KettlewellEyeResearchInstitutefundstoEF(RachelCAtkinsonFellow