Pre- and Postnatal Nutritional Histories Influence Reproductive Maturation and Ovarian Function in the Rat 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Pre- and Postnatal Nutritional Histories Influence Reproductive Maturation and Ovarian Function in the Rat 英文参考文献.doc

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Pre- and Postnatal Nutritional Histories Influence Reproductive Maturation and Ovarian Function in the Rat 英文参考文献

Pre-andPostnatalNutritionalHistoriesInfluence ReproductiveMaturationandOvarianFunctioninthe Rat DeborahM.Sloboda1*,GrahamJ.Howie1,AnthonyPleasants2,PeterD.Gluckman1,MarkH.Vickers1 1TheLigginsInstituteandtheNationalResearchCentreforGrowthandDevelopment,TheUniversityofAuckland,Auckland,NewZealand,2AgResearch,Hamilton,New Zealand Abstract Background:Whileprepubertalnutritionalinfluencesappeartoplayaroleinsexualmaturation,thereisaneedtoclarify thepotentialcontributionsofmaternalandchildhoodinfluencesinsettingthetempoofreproductivematuration.Inthe presentstudyweemployedanestablishedmodelofnutritionalprogrammingtoevaluatetherelativeinfluencesofprenatal andpostnatalnutritionongrowthandovarianfunctioninfemaleoffspring. Methods:PregnantWistarratswerefedeitheracalorie-restricteddiet,ahighfatdiet,oracontroldietduringpregnancy and/orlactation.Offspringthenwerefedeitheracontrolorahighfatdietfromthetimeofweaningtoadulthood.Pubertal agewasmonitoredandbloodsamplescollectedinadulthoodforendocrineanalyses. Results:Wereportthatinthefemalerat,pubertaltimingandsubsequentovarianfunctionisinfluencedbytheanimal’s nutritionalstatusinutero,withbothmaternalcaloricrestrictionandmaternalhighfatnutritionresultinginearlypubertal onset. Dependingontheoffspring’s nutritionalhistoryduringtheprenatalandlactationalperiods, subsequentnutrition and body weight gain did not further influence offspring reproductive tempo, which was dominated by the effect of prenatalnutrition.Whereasmaternalcalorierestrictionleadstoearlypubertalonset,italsoleadstoareductioninadult progesteronelevelslaterinlife.Incontrast,wefoundthatmaternalhighfatfeedingwhichalsoinducesearlymaturationin offspringwasassociatedwithelevatedprogesteroneconcentrations. Conclusions: These observations are suggestive of two distinct developmental pathways leading to the acceleration of pubertaltimingbutwithdifferentconsequencesforovarianfunction.Wesuggestdifferentadaptiveexplanationsforthese pathwaysandfortheirrelationshiptoalteredmetabol