Prediction and analysis of near-road concentrations using a reduced-form emissiondispersion model 英文参考文献.docVIP
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Prediction and analysis of near-road concentrations using a reduced-form emissiondispersion model 英文参考文献
Battermanetal.EnvironmentalHealth2010,9:29
/content/9/1/29
RESEARCH
OpenAccess
Predictionandanalysisofnear-road
concentrationsusingareduced-formemission/
dispersionmodel
StuartABatterman*,KaiZhang,RobertKononowech
Abstract
Background:Near-roadexposuresoftraffic-relatedairpollutantshavebeenreceivingincreasedattentiondueto
evidencelinkingemissionsfromhigh-trafficroadwaystoadversehealthoutcomes.Todate,mostepidemiological
andriskanalyseshaveutilizedsimplebutcrudeexposureindicators,mosttypicallyproximitymeasures,suchasthe
distancebetweenfreewaysandresidences,torepresentairqualityimpactsfromtraffic.Thispaperderivesand
analyzesasimplifiedmicroscalesimulationmodeldesignedtopredictshort-(hourly)tolong-term(annualaverage)
pollutantconcentrationsnearroads.Sensitivityanalysesandcasestudiesareusedtohighlightissuesinpredicting
near-roadexposures.
Methods:Process-basedsimulationmodelsusingacomputationallyefficientreduced-formresponsesurface
structureandaminimumnumberofinputsintegratethemajordeterminantsofairpollutionexposures:traffic
volumeandvehicleemissions,meteorology,andreceptorlocation.Weidentifythemostinfluentialvariablesand
thenderiveasetofmultiplicativesubmodelsthatmatchpredictionsfrom“parent”modelsMOBILE6.2and
CALINE4.TheassembledmodelisappliedtotwocasestudiesintheDetroit,Michiganarea.Thefirstpredicts
carbonmonoxide(CO)concentrationsatamonitoringsitenearafreeway.ThesecondpredictsCOandPM2.5
2
concentrationsinadensereceptorgridovera1km areaaroundtheintersectionoftwomajorroads.Weanalyze
thespatialandtemporalpatternsofpollutantconcentrationpredictions.
Results:PredictedCOconcentrationsshowedreasonableagreementwithannualaverageand24-hour
measurements,e.g.,59%ofthe24-hrpredictionswerewithinafactoroftwoofobservationsinthewarmer
monthswhenCOemissionsaremoreconsistent.ThehighestconcentrationsofbothCOandPM2.5 werepredicted
tooccurnearintersectionsanddownwindofmajorroadsduringperiodsofunfavorablemeteorology(e.g.,low
windspeeds)andhighemissions(e.g.,weekdayrushhour).The
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