Prelude to Passion Limbic Activation by “Unseen” Drug and Sexual Cues 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Prelude to Passion Limbic Activation by “Unseen” Drug and Sexual Cues 英文参考文献.doc

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Prelude to Passion Limbic Activation by “Unseen” Drug and Sexual Cues 英文参考文献

PreludetoPassion:LimbicActivationby‘‘Unseen’’Drug andSexualCues AnnaRoseChildress1,3*,RonaldN.Ehrman1,3,ZeWang1,2,3,YinLi1,2,3,NathanSciortino1,JonathanHakun1,WilliamJens1,JesseSuh1,3 ,John Listerud1,3,KathleenMarquez1,3,TeresaFranklin1,DanielLangleben1,3,JohnDetre2,CharlesP.O’Brien1,3 1DepartmentofPsychiatry,UniversityofPennsylvaniaSchoolofMedicine,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2Departmentof Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 3Veterans Integrated Services Network(VISN)4, MentalIllnessReasearch,Educationand ClinicalCenters(MIRECC),PhiladelphiaDepartment ofVeteransAffairsMedicalCenter, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,UnitedStatesofAmerica Background. Thehuman brain responds torecognizable signals forsex and forrewardingdrugs ofabuse by activation of limbic reward circuitry. Does the brain respond in similar way to such reward signals even when they are ‘‘unseen’’, i.e., presented inawaythatprevents theirconsciousrecognition? Canthebrainresponse to‘‘unseen’’rewardcuespredict the future affective response to recognizable versions of such cues, revealing a link between affective/motivational processes insideandoutsideawareness?Methodology/PrincipalFindings.Weexploitedthefasttemporalresolutionofevent-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the brain response to ‘‘unseen’’ (backward-masked) cocaine, sexual, aversiveandneutralcuesof33millisecondsdurationinmalecocainepatients(n=22).Twodaysafterscanning,theaffective valenceforvisibleversionsofeachcuetypewasdeterminedusinganaffectivebias(priming)task.Wedemonstrate,forthe firsttime,limbicbrainactivationby‘‘unseen’’drugandsexualcuesofonly33msecduration.Importantly,increasedactivityin an large interconnected ventral pallidum/amygdala cluster to the ‘‘unseen’’ cocaine cues strongly predicted future positive affecttovisibleversionsofthesamecuesinsubsequentoff-magnettesting,pointingbothtothefunctionalsignifican