Probability Matching as a Computational Strategy Used in Perception 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Probability Matching as a Computational Strategy Used in Perception 英文参考文献.doc

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Probability Matching as a Computational Strategy Used in Perception 英文参考文献

ProbabilityMatchingasaComputationalStrategyUsed inPerception DavidR.Wozny1,2,UlrikR.Beierholm3,LadanShams2,4* 1Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany, 2Biomedical Engineering IDP, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, 3Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 4Department of Psychology, UniversityofCaliforniaLosAngeles,LosAngeles,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract The question of which strategy is employed in human decision making has been studied extensively in the context of cognitivetasks;however,thisquestionhasnotbeeninvestigatedsystematicallyinthecontextofperceptualtasks.Thegoal ofthisstudywastogaininsightintothedecision-makingstrategyusedbyhumanobserversinalow-levelperceptualtask. Data from more than 100 individuals who participated in an auditory-visual spatial localization task was evaluated to examinewhichofthreeplausiblestrategiescouldaccountforeachobserver’sbehaviorthebest.Thistaskisverysuitablefor exploringthisquestionbecauseitinvolvesanimplicitinferenceaboutwhethertheauditoryandvisualstimuliwerecaused bythesameobjectorindependentobjects,andprovidesdifferentstrategiesofhowusingtheinferenceaboutcausescan lead to distinctly different spatial estimates and response patterns. For example, employing the commonly used cost function of minimizing the mean squared error of spatial estimates would result in a weighted averaging of estimates correspondingtodifferentcausalstructures.Astrategythatwouldminimizetheerrorintheinferredcausalstructurewould result in the selection of the most likely causal structure and sticking with it in the subsequent inference of location— ‘‘modelselection.’’Athirdstrategyisonethatselectsacausalstructureinproportiontoitsprobability,thusattemptingto matchtheprobabilityoftheinferredcausalstructure.Thistypeofprobabilitymatchingstrategyhasbeenreportedtobe usedbyparticipantspredominantlyincognit