Probiotics in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Associated Conditions 英文参考文献.docVIP

Nutrients 2011, 3, 245-264; doi:10.3390/nu3020245 OPEN ACCESS nutrients ISSN 2072-6643 /journal/nutrients Review Probiotics in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Associated Conditions David R. Mack Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada; E-Mail: dmack@cheo.on.ca; Tel.: +1-613-737-7600 (ext.) 2516; Fax: +1-613-738-4854 Received: 1 January 2011; in revised form: 17 January 2011 / Accepted: 15 February 2011 / Published: 17 February 2011 Abstract: A complex set of interactions between the human genes encoding innate protective functions and immune defenses and the environment of the intestinal mucosa with its microbiota is currently considered key to the pathogenesis of the chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Probiotics offer a method to potentially alter the intestinal microbiome exogenously or may provide an option to deliver microbial metabolic products to alter the chronicity of intestinal mucosal inflammation characterizing IBD. At present, there is little evidence for the benefit of currently used probiotic microbes in Crohn’s disease or associated conditions affecting extra-intestinal organs. However, clinical practice guidelines are now including a probiotic as an option for recurrent and relapsing antibiotic sensitive pouchitis and the use of probiotics in mild ulcerative colitis is provocative and suggests potential for benefit in select patients but concerns remain about proof from trials. Keywords: Crohn’s disease; ulcerative colitis; pouchitis; spondyloartopathy; arthralgia; sclerosing cholangitis; maintenance; induction; remission 1. Introduction A recent large-scale metagenomic sequencing study revealed the presence of a core set of bacterial species shared between individuals [1]. Individuals harbor at least 160 bacteria species, among which 75 and 57 are common to more than 50% and 90% of individuals, r