Psychophysical Tests of the Hypothesis of a Bottom-Up Saliency Map in Primary Visual Cortex 英文参考文献.docVIP

PsychophysicalTestsoftheHypothesis ofaBottom-UpSaliencyMapinPrimaryVisual Cortex LiZhaoping*,Keith A.May DepartmentofPsychology,UniversityCollegeLondon,London,UnitedKingdom Auniqueverticalbaramonghorizontalbarsissalientandpopsoutperceptually.Physiologicaldatahavesuggested thatmechanismsintheprimaryvisualcortex(V1)contributetothehighsaliencyofsuchauniquebasicfeature,but indicated little regarding whether V1 plays an essential or peripheral role in input-driven or bottom-up saliency. Meanwhile,abiologicallybasedV1modelhassuggestedthatV1mechanismscanalsoexplainbottom-upsaliencies beyondthepop-outofbasicfeatures,suchasthelowsaliencyofauniqueconjunctionfeaturesuchasaredverticalbar among red horizontal and green vertical bars, under the hypothesis that the bottom-up saliency at any location is signaledbytheactivityofthemostactivecellrespondingtoitregardlessofthecell’spreferredfeaturessuchascolor and orientation. The model can account for phenomena such as the difficulties in conjunction feature search, asymmetries in visual search, and how background irregularities affect ease of search. In this paper, we report nontrivial predictions from the V1 saliency hypothesis, and their psychophysical tests and confirmations. The predictionthatmostclearlydistinguishestheV1saliencyhypothesisfromothermodelsisthattask-irrelevantfeatures could interfere in visual search or segmentation tasks which rely significantly on bottom-up saliency. For instance, irrelevantcolorscaninterfereinanorientation-basedtask,andthepresenceofhorizontalandverticalbarscanimpair performance in a task based on oblique bars. Furthermore, properties of the intracortical interactions and neural selectivitiesinV1predictspecificemergentphenomenaassociatedwithvisualgrouping.Ourfindingssupporttheidea that a bottom-up saliency map can be at a lower visual area than traditionally expected, with implications for top- downselectionmechanisms. Citation:ZhaopingL,MayKA(2007)Psychophysicaltestsofthehypothesisofabottom-up