Quantifying Organismal Complexity using a Population Genetic Approach 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Quantifying Organismal Complexity using a Population Genetic Approach 英文参考文献.doc

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Quantifying Organismal Complexity using a Population Genetic Approach 英文参考文献

QuantifyingOrganismalComplexityusingaPopulation GeneticApproach OlivierTenaillon1,2.*,OlinK.Silander2,3.,Jean-PhilippeUzan4,LinChao2 1InstitutNationaldelaSante′etdelaRechercheMe′dicale(INSERM)U722,Faculte′deMe′decineXavierBichat,Universite′DenisDiderot-ParisVII,Paris, France, 2 Division of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America, 3 Eidgeno¨ssische Technische Hochschule(ETH)Zurich,EcologyandEvolution,ETH-ZentrumNW,Zurich,Switzerland,4 Institutd’AstrophysiquedeParis,Universite′PierreetMarie Curie-ParisVI,CentreNationaldelaRechercheScientifique(CNRS)UMR7095,Paris,France Background.Variousdefinitionsofbiologicalcomplexityhavebeenproposed:thenumberofgenes,celltypes,ormetabolic processeswithinanorganism.Asknowledgeofbiologicalsystemshasincreased,ithasbecomeapparentthatthesemetrics areoftenincongruent.Methodology.Hereweproposeanalternativecomplexitymetricbasedonthenumberofgenetically uncorrelated phenotypic traits contributing to an organism’s fitness. This metric, phenotypic complexity, is more objective thanprevioussuggestions,ascomplexityismeasuredfromafundamentalbiologicalperspective,thatofnaturalselection.We utilizeamodellinkingtheequilibriumfitness(driftload)ofapopulationtophenotypiccomplexity.Wethenuseresultsfrom viral evolution experiments to compare the phenotypic complexities of two viruses, the bacteriophage X174 and vesicular stomatitis virus,andtoillustratetheconsistencyofourapproachanditsapplicability. Conclusions/Significance. Because Darwinianevolutionthroughnaturalselectionisthefundamentalelementunifyingallbiologicalorganisms,weproposethat our metric of complexity is potentially a more relevant metric than others, based on the count of artificially defined set of objects. Citation: TenaillonO,SilanderOK,UzanJ-P,ChaoL(2007)QuantifyingOrganismalComplexityusingaPopulationGeneticApproach.PLoSONE2(2): e217.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000217 INTRODUCTION theorganismgainsthegeneticcomplexitytogenerate