高中虚拟语气知识点全解.ppt

cEo_Mr基德 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 例： If I were you, I should seize the chance to go abroad.(如果我是你，我就抓住这次出国机会。）与现在事实相反的假设 If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.(如果你早听了我的意见，你考试就能通过了。）与过去事实相反的假设 If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday.(如果他明天不来，我们就会把会议推迟到下周一了。）与将来事实相反的假设 Attention: 1.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. 如果你刚刚听了我的建议的话，你现在就好多了 2.If省略句 在条件句中可省略if，把were, had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式。如： If I were at school again, I would study harder. → Were I at school again, I would study harder 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力地学习。 注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词时否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式 如：我们可以说：Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 但不能说Weren’t it for the expense ,I would go abroad now. 3.用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with, without, but for. 如： Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. =If it had not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. =Had it not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. 没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作 4.含蓄条件句 有时为了表达需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如： I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副词） 我那天病了。否则，我就参加运动会了 5.Even if，even though 也可用于虚拟语气，其形式与If从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同。 二.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用. 1.用于宾语从句中 （1）wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为： 过去时（宾语从句中动作与wish同时） 过去完成时（宾语从句中动作先于wish） would/Might/could＋动词原形,即过去将来时（宾语从句动作后于wish） 如： I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. 我希望我是只小鸟，能在填空自由飞翔 I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday. 我希望昨天见到那个明星了 How I wish it weren’t raining now. 我多希望现在没下雨啊 此外，用于if only+句子=How I wish +that 从句 如：If only I were a flying bird!=How I wish I were a flying bird! 我要是一只飞鸟该多好 （2）用于