Remote Sensing of Shallow Coastal Benthic Substrates In situ Spectra and Mapping of Eelgrass (Zostera marina) in the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve of Canada 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Remote Sensing of Shallow Coastal Benthic Substrates In situ Spectra and Mapping of Eelgrass (Zostera marina) in the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve of Canada 英文参考文献.doc

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Remote Sensing of Shallow Coastal Benthic Substrates In situ Spectra and Mapping of Eelgrass (Zostera marina) in the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve of Canada 英文参考文献

Remote Sens. 2011, 3, 975-1005; doi:10.3390/rs3050975 OPEN ACCESS Remote Sensing ISSN 2072-4292 /journal/remotesensing Article Remote Sensing of Shallow Coastal Benthic Substrates: In situ Spectra and Mapping of Eelgrass (Zostera marina) in the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve of Canada Jennifer D. O’Neill 1,*, Maycira Costa 1 and Tara Sharma 2 1 Spectral Lab, Department of Geography, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3060, STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3R4, Canada; E-Mail: maycira@uvic.ca 2 Parks Canada Office at Gulf Islands, National Park Reserve of Canada, 2220 Harbour Road, Sidney, BC V8L 2P6, Canada; E-Mail: Tara.Sharma@pc.gc.ca * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: joneill@uvic.ca; Tel.: +1-250-472-5223; Fax: +1-250-721-6216. Received: 28 February 2011; in revised form: 5 May 2011 / Accepted: 6 May 2011 / Published: 16 May 2011 Abstract: Eelgrass (Zostera marina) is a keystone component of inter- and sub-tidal ecosystems. However, anthropogenic pressures have caused its populations to decline worldwide. Delineation and continuous monitoring of eelgrass distribution is an integral part of understanding these pressures and providing effective coastal ecosystem management. A proposed tool for such spatial monitoring is remote imagery, which can cost- and time-effectively cover large and inaccessible areas frequently. However, to effectively apply this technology, an understanding is required of the spectral behavior of eelgrass and its associated substrates. In this study, in situ hyperspectral measurements were used to define key spectral variables that provide the greatest spectral separation between Z. marina and associated submerged substrates. For eelgrass classification of an in situ above water reflectance dataset, the selected variables were: slope 500–530 nm, first derivatives (R‘) at 566 nm, 580 nm, and 602 nm, yielding 98% overall accuracy.