Resistance to DDT and Pyrethroids and Increased kdr Mutation Frequency in An. gambiae after the Implementation of Permethrin-Treated Nets in Senegal 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Resistance to DDT and Pyrethroids and Increased kdr Mutation Frequency in An. gambiae after the Implementation of Permethrin-Treated Nets in Senegal 英文参考文献.doc

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Resistance to DDT and Pyrethroids and Increased kdr Mutation Frequency in An. gambiae after the Implementation of Permethrin-Treated Nets in Senegal 英文参考文献

ResistancetoDDTandPyrethroidsandIncreasedkdr MutationFrequencyinAn.gambiaeafterthe ImplementationofPermethrin-TreatedNetsinSenegal MamadouO.Ndiath1,SeynabouSougoufara1,AbdoulayeGaye1,CatherineMazenot1,LassanaKonate2, OumarFaye2,CheikhSokhna1*,Jean-FrancoisTrape1 1InstitutdeRecherchepourleDe′veloppement,Unite′ deRecherchesurlesMaladiesInfectieusesetTropicalesEmergentes(URMITE)UMR198,CampuscommunUCAD- IRDdeHann,BP1386,CP18524,Dakar,Se′ne′gal,2LaboratoireEcologieVectorielleetParasitaire,UCAD,FannDakar,Se′ne′gal Abstract Introduction:TheaimofthisstudywastoevaluatethesusceptibilitytoinsecticidesofAn.gambiaemosquitoessampledin Dielmo(Senegal),in2010,2yearsaftertheimplementationofLongLastingInsecticide-treatedNets(LLINs)andtoreport theevolutionofkdrmutationfrequencyfrom2006to2010. *E-mail:cheikh.sokhna@ird.fr insecticidesinagriculture[7]butalsoforbednettreatment[8,9] contributed to the selection of resistant mosquito strains. PLoSONE | 1 February2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 2 | e31943 InsecticideResistanceandUseofLLINs Molecularidentificationandkdrgenotyping WHO (1998) criteria were used to evaluate the resistance/ susceptibility status of the tested mosquito populations (,80% mortality: resistance, 80–98% mortality: increased tolerance, .98% mortality: susceptibility) [24]. Fifty and 95 percent knockdown times (respectively KDT50 and KDT95) were com- putedwithprobitregressionmodels.Rateswerecomparedusing Fisher exact and Pearson Chi2 tests. Statistical analyses were performedusingStata10.1software.APvalueof0.05orlesswas consideredassignificant. ThisstudyispartoftheDielmoProjectthathasbeendescribed in detail elsewhere [21]. Briefly, the village of Dielmo (13u43N, 16u24W)islocated280kmSoutheastofDakarandabout15km northoftheGambianborderinanareaofSudan-typesavannah. About 400 inhabitants are living in the village. Rainfall occurs during a four-month period, from June to October. Dielmo is situated on the marshy bank of a small permanent stream, with anopheleslarvalsi