Review on Hydrogel-based pH Sensors and Microsensors 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2008, 8, 561-581 sensors ISSN 1424-8220 ? 2008 by MDPI /sensors Review Review on Hydrogel-based pH Sensors and Microsensors Andreas Richter 1,2,*, Georgi Paschew 1,2, Stephan Klatt 1,2, Jens Lienig 1, Karl-Friedrich Arndt 2 and Hans-Jürgen P. Adler 3 1 Technische Universit?t Dresden, Institute of Electromechanical and Electronic Design, 01062 Dresden, Germany; E-mail: andreas.richter@chemie.tu-dresden.de 2 Technische Universit?t Dresden, Physical Chemistry of Polymers, 01062 Dresden, Germany 3 Technische Universit?t Dresden, Macromolecular Chemistry and Textile Chemistry, 01062 Dresden, Germany * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Received: 2 December 2007 / Accepted: 24 January 2008 / Published: 25 January 2008 Abstract: Stimuli-responsive hydrogels are materials with great potential for development of active functionalities in fluidics and micro-fluidics. Based on the current state of research on pH sensors, hydrogel sensors are described qualitatively and quantitatively for the first time. The review introduces the physical background of the special properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels. Following, transducers are described which are able to convert the non-electrical changes of the physical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels into an electrical signal. Finally, the specific sensor properties, design rules and general conditions for sensor applications are discussed. Keywords: pH sensor, microsensor, stimuli-responsive hydrogel, phase transition. 1. Introduction Stimuli-responsive polymers or hydrogels can change their volume significantly in response to small alterations of certain environmental parameters. The changes in volume can be more than hundredfold, based on absorption or on release of aqueous solution accompanied by considerable swelling forces if an external force is applied. Therefore, about 1950 the discoverers W. K