Phylogenetic Analysis of the MS4A and TMEM176 Gene Families 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Phylogenetic Analysis of the MS4A and TMEM176 Gene Families 英文参考文献.doc

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Phylogenetic Analysis of the MS4A and TMEM176 Gene Families 英文参考文献

PhylogeneticAnalysisoftheMS4AandTMEM176Gene Families JonathanZuccolo1,2,JeremyBau1,2,SarahJ.Childs1,GregG.Goss4,5,ChristophW.Sensen1,3,JulieP. Deans1,2 * 1DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,UniversityofCalgary,Calgary,Alberta,Canada,2ImmunologyResearchGroup,InstituteofInfection,Immunityand Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 3Sun Center of Excellence for Visual Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary,Calgary,Alberta,Canada,4DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,UniversityofAlberta,Edmonton,Alberta,Canada,5BamfieldMarineSciencesCentre,Bamfield, BritishColumbia,Canada Abstract Background:TheMS4AgenefamilyinhumansincludesCD20(MS4A1),FcRb(MS4A2),Htm4(MS4A3),andatleast13other syntenic genes encoding membrane proteins, most having characteristic tetraspanning topology. Expression of MS4A genesisvariableintissuesthroughoutthebody;however,severalarelimitedtocellsinthehematopoieticsystemwhere theyhaveknownrolesinimmunecellfunctions.GenesinthesmallTMEM176groupsharesignificantsequencesimilarity with MS4A genes and there is evidence of immune function of at least one of the encoded proteins. In this study, we examined the evolutionary history of the MS4A/TMEM176 families as well as tissue expression of the phylogenetically earliestmembers,inordertoinvestigatetheirpossibleoriginsinimmunecells. PrincipalFindings:OrthologsofhumanMS4Ageneswerefoundonlyinmammals;however,MS4Agenehomologswere foundinmostjawedvertebrates.TMEM176geneswerefoundonlyinmammalsandbonyfish.SeveralunusualMS4Agenes having 2 or more tandem MS4A sequences were identified in the chicken (Gallus gallus) and early mammals (opossum, Monodelphisdomesticaandplatypus,Ornithorhyncusanatinus).AlargenumberofhighlyconservedMS4AandTMEM176 geneswasfoundinzebrafish(Daniorerio).ThemostprimitiveorganismidentifiedtohaveMS4Ageneswasspinydogfish (Squalus acanthus). Tissue expression of MS4A genes in S. acanthias and D. rerio showed no evidence of expression restricted