Salt Marsh as a Coastal Filter for the Oceans Changes in Function with Experimental Increases in Nitrogen Loading and Sea-Level Rise 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Salt Marsh as a Coastal Filter for the Oceans Changes in Function with Experimental Increases in Nitrogen Loading and Sea-Level Rise 英文参考文献.doc

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SaltMarshasaCoastalFilterfortheOceans:Changesin FunctionwithExperimentalIncreasesinNitrogen LoadingandSea-LevelRise JoannaL.Nelson*,ErikaS.Zavaleta EnvironmentalStudiesDepartment,UniversityofCaliforniaSantaCruz,SantaCruz,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract CoastalsaltmarshesareamongEarth’smostproductiveecosystemsandprovideanumberofecosystemservices,including interceptionofwatershed-derivednitrogen(N)beforeitreachesnearshoreoceans.Nitrogenpollutionandclimatechange aretwodominantdriversofglobal-changeimpactsonecosystems,yettheirinteractingeffectsattheland-seainterfaceare poorlyunderstood.Weaddressedhowsea-levelriseandanthropogenicNadditionsaffectthesaltmarshecosystemprocess ofnitrogenuptakeusingafield-based,manipulativeexperiment.Wecrossedsimulatedsea-levelchangeandammonium- nitrate(NH4NO3)-additiontreatmentsinafullyfactorialdesigntoexaminetheirpotentiallyinteractingeffectsonemergent marsh plants in a central California estuary. We measured above- and belowground biomass and tissue nutrient concentrationsseasonallyandfoundthatN-additionhadasignificant,positiveeffectona)abovegroundbiomass,b)plant tissueNconcentrations,c)Nstocksequesteredinplants,andd)shoot:rootratiosinsummer.Relativesea-levelrisedidnot significantlyaffectbiomass,withtheexceptionofthemostextremesea-level-risesimulation,inwhichallplantsdiedbythe summerofthesecondyear.AlthoughtherewasastrongresponsetoN-additiontreatments,saltmarshresponsesvariedby season.OurresultssuggestthatinoursiteatCoyoteMarsh,ElkhornSlough,coastalsaltmarshplantsserveasarobustN trap and coastal filter; this function is not saturated by high background annual N inputs from upstream agriculture. However,ifthemarshisdrownedbyrisingseas,asinourmostextremesea-levelrisetreatment,marshplantswillnolonger providetheecosystemserviceofbufferingthecoastaloceanfromeutrophication. Citation:NelsonJL,ZavaletaES(2012)SaltMarshasaCoastalFilterfortheOceans:ChangesinFunctionwithExperimentalIncreasesinNitrogenLoadingand Sea-LevelRise.PLoSONE7(8):e