Sensor Integration in a Low Cost Land Mobile Mapping System 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2012, 12, 2935-2953; doi:10.3390/s120302935 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article Sensor Integration in a Low Cost Land Mobile Mapping System Sergio Madeira 1,2,*, José A. Gon?alves 2,3 and Luísa Bastos 2,3 1 Universidade de Tras-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal 2 CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga??o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; E-Mails: jagoncal@fc.up.pt (J.A.G.); lcbastos@fc.up.pt (L.B.) 3 Departamento de Geociências, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Território, Faculdade de Ciências da, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: smadeira@utad.pt; Tel.: +351-918-403-094. Received: 29 January 2012; in revised form: 16 February 2012 / Accepted: 23 February 2012 / Published: 2 March 2012 Abstract: Mobile mapping is a multidisciplinary technique which requires several dedicated equipment, calibration procedures that must be as rigorous as possible, time synchronization of all acquired data and software for data processing and extraction of additional information. To decrease the cost and complexity of Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS), the use of less expensive sensors and the simplification of procedures for calibration and data acquisition are mandatory features. This article refers to the use of MMS technology, focusing on the main aspects that need to be addressed to guarantee proper data acquisition and describing the way those aspects were handled in a terrestrial MMS developed at the University of Porto. In this case the main aim was to implement a low cost system while maintaining good quality standards of the acquired georeferenced information. The results discussed here show that this goal has been achieved. Keywords: mobile mapping system; digital c