Semiconductor Quantum Dots in Chemical Sensors and Biosensors 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2009, 9, 7266-7286; doi:10.3390/OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Review Semiconductor Quantum Dots in Chemical Sensors and Biosensors Manuela F. Frasco and Nikos Chaniotakis* Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vassilika Voutes, 71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece; E-Mail: mffrasco@chemistry.uoc.gr * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: nchan@chemistry.uoc.gr; Tel.: +30-2810-545-018. Fax: +30-2810-545-165. Received: 14 July 2009; in revised form: 3 September 2009 / Accepted: 8 September 2009 / Published: 10 September 2009 Abstract: Quantum dots are nanometre-scale semiconductor crystals with unique optical properties that are advantageous for the development of novel chemical sensors and biosensors. The surface chemistry of luminescent quantum dots has encouraged the development of multiple probes based on linked recognition molecules such as peptides, nucleic acids or small-molecule ligands. This review overviews the design of sensitive and selective nanoprobes, ranging from the type of target molecules to the optical transduction scheme. Representative examples of quantum dot-based optical sensors from this fast- moving field have been selected and are discussed towards the most promising directions for future research. Keywords: semiconductor quantum dots; nanoassembly; optical sensors; photoluminescence 1. Introduction Quantum dots (QDs) are colloidal nanocrystalline semiconductors possessing unique properties due to quantum confinement effects. QDs typically have very broad continuous absorption spectra, at wavelengths extending from the ultraviolet to the visible, depending on the particle size. The broad excitation and narrow size-tunable emission spectra (usually 20–40 nm full width at half maximum intensity), negligible photobleaching, and high photochemical stabil