Self-esteem is associated with premorbid adjustment and positive psychotic symptoms in early psychosis 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Self-esteem is associated with premorbid adjustment and positive psychotic symptoms in early psychosis 英文参考文献.doc

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Rommetal.BMCPsychiatry2011,11:136 /1471-244X/11/136 RESEARCH ARTICLE OpenAccess Self-esteemisassociatedwithpremorbid adjustmentandpositivepsychoticsymptomsin earlypsychosis KristinLieRomm1*,JanIvarRossberg1,2,CharlotteFredslundHansen3,ElisabethHaug4,OleAAndreassen1,2 and IngridMelle1,2 Abstract Background:Lowlevelsofself-esteemhavebeenimplicatedasbothacauseandaconsequenceofsevere mentaldisorders.Themainaimsofthestudyweretoexaminewhetherpremorbidadjustmenthasanimpacton thesubject’sself-esteem,andwhetherloweredself-esteemcontributestothedevelopmentofdelusionsand hallucinations. Method:Atotalof113patientsfromtheThematicallyOrganizedPsychosisresearchstudy(TOP)wereincludedat firsttreatment.ThePositiveandNegativeSyndromeScale(PANSS)wasusedtoassesspresentsymptoms. PremorbidadjustmentwasmeasuredwiththePremorbidAdjustmentScale(PAS)andself-esteembythe RosenbergSelf-EsteemScale(RSES). Results:Premorbidsocialadjustmentwassignificantlyrelatedtolowerself-esteemandexplainedasignificant proportionofthevarianceinself-esteem.Self-esteemwassignificantlyassociatedwiththelevelsofpersecutory delusionsandhallucinationsexperiencedbythepatientandexplainedasignificantproportionofthevariance evenafteradjustingforpremorbidfunctioninganddepression. Conclusion:Therearereasonstosuspectthatpremorbidfunctioningisanimportantaspectinthedevelopmentof self-esteem,and,furthermore,thatself-esteemisassociatedwiththedevelopmentofdelusionsandhallucinations. Keywords:Self-esteem,Firstepisodepsychosis,Schizophrenia,Premorbidadjustment,Delusions,Hallucinations 1.Background increasetheriskofpsychiatricdisorderssuchasdepres- Self-esteem,aglobalandcomplexconcept,iscomprised sion,eatingdisordersandsubstanceabuse[8].Inpsycho- ofbothappraisalofself-worthbasedonpersonalachieve- ticdisorders,lowself-esteemhasbeenimplicatedinboth ments and anticipation of evaluation by others [1,2]. thedevelopmentofdelusions[9,10]andthemaintenance Althoughnotuniformly low,self-esteem isoftenfound ofpsychoticsympt