Self-Dual, Self-Petrie Covers of Regular Polyhedra 英文参考文献.docVIP

Symmetry2012,4,208-218;doi:10.3390/sym4010208 OPENACCESS symmetry ISSN2073-8994 /journal/symmetry Article Self-Dual,Self-PetrieCoversofRegularPolyhedra GabeCunningham NortheasternUniversity,360HuntingtonAve,Boston,MA02115,USA; E-Mail:gabriel.cunningham@;Tel.:+1617-406-9067 Received:17January2012;inrevisedform:21February2012/Accepted:23February2012/ Published:27February2012 Abstract: The well-known duality and Petrie duality operations on maps have natural analogsforabstractpolyhedra. Regularpolyhedrathatareinvariantunderbothoperations have a high degree of both “external” and “internal” symmetry. The mixing operation providesanaturalwaytobuildtheminimalcommoncoveroftwopolyhedra,andbymixing aregularpolyhedronwithits?veotherimagesunderthedualityoperations,weareableto constructtheminimalself-dual,self-Petriecoverofaregularpolyhedron. Determiningthe fullstructureofthesecoversischallengingandgenerallyrequiresthatweusesomeofthe standardalgorithmsincombinatorialgrouptheory.However,weareabletodevelopcriteria thatsometimesyieldthefullstructurewithoutexplicitcalculations.Usingthesecriteriaand otherinterestingmethods,wethencalculatethesizeoftheself-dual,self-Petriecoversof severalpolyhedra,includingtheregularconvexpolyhedra. Keywords: abstract polyhedron; convex polyhedron; duality; map operations; mixing; Petriepolygon;Petriedual 1.Introduction Abstractpolyhedraarepartially-orderedsetsthatgeneralizetheface-latticesofconvexpolyhedra. They are closely related to maps on surfaces (i.e., 2-cell decompositions of surfaces), and indeed, everyabstractpolyhedronhasanaturalrealizationassuchamap. Theregularpolyhedraarethemost extensivelystudied. Thesearethepolyhedrasuchthattheautomorphismgroupactstransitivelyonthe ?ags(whichconsistofavertex,anedge,andafacethatareallmutuallyincident). Thereisanatural waytobuildaregularpolyhedronfroma?nitelygeneratedgroupsatisfyingcertainproperties,yielding abijectionbetween(isomorphismclassesof)regularpolyhedraandsuchgroups. The