Sex lethal and upstream ORFs a bait-and-trap system for ribosomes 英文参考文献.docVIP

Yao and Fox Genome Biology 2011,12:121 /2011/12/7/121 RESEARCH HIGHLIGHT Sex lethal and upstream ORFs: a bait-and-trap system for ribosomes Peng Yao and Paul L Fox* Hentze and colleagues [5] elucidate a uORF-dependent Abstract mechanism by which the Drosophila mRNA-binding An upstream ORF cooperates with Sex lethal to inhibit msl-2 translation duringDrosophila sex determination, a biological principle with potentially broad application protein Sex lethal (Sxl) inhibits translation of its target transcript, male-speci?c lethal (msl)-2. in gene regulation. Sex determination by dual interaction of Sxl with msl-2 mRNA In Drosophila, dosage compensation equalizes the ex- Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in mRNAs are pres sion of X-linked genes in males and females. In male short sequences in the 5’ untranslated region (UTR) ?ies, the msl-2-containing dosage compensation complex charac terized by a start codon, a short open reading frame (ORF) and a stop codon, all upstream of the major start codon that initiates translation of the principal gene product. (e term UTR is actually a misnomer, precisely because of the existence of uORFs, and is more accurately is required for hypertranscription of the single X chromo- some [6]. In female ?ies, msl-2 mRNA is translationally repressed by interaction of Sxl with poly(U) stretches in both the 5’ and the 3’ UTRs [7]. is dual-action, sequen- tial blocking mechanism comprises a fail-safe system that referred to as transcript leader region [1].) A ribosome completely silences msl-2 mRNA translation. e mole- encountering a uORF has several options, including cu lar mechanism underlying repression of msl-2 mRNA scan ning through the uORF until the major ORF is translation by Sxl interaction with the 3’ UTR has been encountered, translating the uORF and then reinitiating translation of the major O