和物动词并非都能用于被动语态.docVIP

及物动词并非都能用于被动语态 四川省彭州中学 樊文生 　　由于被动语态不完全从属于主动语态，因此并不是所有带宾语的及物动词的主动结构都可以改为被动结构。在不少情况下，带宾语的主动句不能改为被动句。常见的情况有以下十六种： 一. 一些表示状态的及物动词 谓语是表示状态的一些及物动词,如 fail, last, suit, contain, own, hold, fit,　cost, lack, want(缺少), become, flee, have(有、吃、患病)等。例如： 　　The hall holds 1,000 people. 大厅可容纳1,000人。　 不能说：1,000 people are held in the hall． 　　He has a new dictionary.　他有一本新字典。 　　I have bad colds every year.　我每年都要患重感冒。 The jacket does not fit you.　这件衣服不合你身。 　　We have lunch at 12:30. 我们十二点半吃午饭。 　　Does the pair of shoes suit you? 你穿这双鞋合适吗？ 　　Who owns this land? 这块地属谁所有？ 　　He never fails to write to his mother every week.他每周给他妈妈写信。 　　The pay could last the girl only a few days. 这工资只能维持那女子几天的生活。 　　She lacks experience.　他缺少经验。 　*但 have 一词不作“有、吃、患病”讲时，却可以有被动语态。例如： 　　Im afraid youve been had.(= have been cheated) 恐怕你受骗了。 　　There was no butter to be had.(to be bought) 黄油买不到。 　　That is about the only work to be had (to be found) at this time of the year.　那大概是今年此时唯一能找到的工作了。 二. 有些多词动词　 　　少数相当于一个及物动词的多词动词没有被动式。常用的有 agree with, consist of, belong to, come to(有关), adjust to(适应), get...back(收回), admit to(有...的余地), abide by(坚持), aim for(以...为最终目标), face (sth.)out(把某事坚持到底), have...on, answer(sb.)back(顶嘴),keep up with, give up on(对...不再抱有希望) 等等。例如： 　　John agreed with Alice. 约瀚同意爱丽丝的意见。 These books belong to me.　这些书是我的。 Our class consists of 60 students.　我们班由六十个同学组成 We should aim for the best results.　我们应该争取最好的效果。 He had almost nothing on.　他几乎什么也没穿。 She got the book back.　她收回了那本书 He answered his mother back.　他顶他妈的嘴。 At first he couldnt keep up with the class.　开始他根不上班上的同学。 三. LIKE 等动词带复合宾语时 　　当 like, love, want, wish, get, hate, trouble, cause 等动词带复合宾语时。例如： 　　I want you to come too.　我希望你也来。 　　Do you really wish me to go?　你真的要我去吗？ 　　Id love you to come and see our new house. 我很想你来看看我们的新房子。 　　What caused the plants to die?　那些植物死于何种原因？ 　　I have to get someone to help you. 我得找人帮帮你。 　　Can I trouble you to shut the door? 麻烦你关上门好吗？ 　　I hate you to be troubled.　我讨厌有人麻烦你。