Smart Sensor for Real-Time Quantification of Common Symptoms Present in Unhealthy Plants 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Smart Sensor for Real-Time Quantification of Common Symptoms Present in Unhealthy Plants 英文参考文献.doc

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Smart Sensor for Real-Time Quantification of Common Symptoms Present in Unhealthy Plants 英文参考文献

Sensors 2012, 12, 784-805; doi:10.3390/s120100784 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article Smart Sensor for Real-Time Quantification of Common Symptoms Present in Unhealthy Plants Luis M. Contreras-Medina 1,2, Roque A. Osornio-Rios 1,*, Irineo Torres-Pacheco 2, Rene de J. Romero-Troncoso 1, Ramon G. Guevara-González 2 and Jesus R. Millan-Almaraz 3 1 HSPdigital-CA Mecatrónica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Campus San Juan del Rio, Rio Moctezuma 249, 76807 San Juan del Rio, Qro., México; E-Mails: mcontreras@ (L.M.C.-M.); troncoso@ (R.J.R.-T.) 2 Ingeniería de Biosistemas CA, División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, 76010 Querétaro, Qro., México; E-Mails: irineo.torres@uaq.mx (I.T.-P.); ramon.guevara@uaq.mx (R.G.G.-G.) 3 Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Av. De las Américas y Blvd., Universitarios, Cd. Universitaria, 80000 Culiacán, Sin., México; E-Mail: jrmillan@.mx * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: raosornio@; Tel.: +52-427-274-1244; Fax: +52-427-274-1244. Received: 16 November 2011; in revised form: 7 January 2012 / Accepted: 10 January 2012 / Published: 11 January 2012 Abstract: Plant responses to physiological function disorders are called symptoms and they are caused principally by pathogens and nutritional deficiencies. Plant symptoms are commonly used as indicators of the health and nutrition status of plants. Nowadays, the most popular method to quantify plant symptoms is based on visual estimations, consisting on evaluations that raters give based on their observation of plant symptoms; however, this method is inaccurate and imprecise because of its obvious subjectivity. Computational Vision has been employed in plant symptom quantification because of its accuracy and precision. Nevertheless, the systems developed