SmLsm Genes Provide a Glimpse into the Early Evolution of the Spliceosome 英文参考文献.docVIP

SmLsm Genes Provide a Glimpse into the Early Evolution of the Spliceosome 英文参考文献.doc

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SmLsm Genes Provide a Glimpse into the Early Evolution of the Spliceosome 英文参考文献

Sm/LsmGenesProvideaGlimpseintotheEarly EvolutionoftheSpliceosome StellaVeretnik1*,ChristopherWills2,PhilippeYoukharibache1,RubenE.Valas3,PhilipE.Bourne1,4 1San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America, 2Section of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UniversityofCaliforniaSanDiego,LaJolla,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3BioinformaticsProgram,UniversityofCaliforniaSanDiego,LaJolla,California,United StatesofAmerica,4SkaggsSchoolofPharmacyandPharmaceuticalSciences,UniversityofCaliforniaSanDiego,LaJolla,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract The spliceosome, a sophisticated molecular machine involved in the removal of intervening sequences from the coding sectionsofeukaryoticgenes,appearedandsubsequentlyevolvedrapidlyduringtheearlystagesofeukaryoticevolution. Thelasteukaryoticcommonancestor(LECA)hadbothcomplexspliceosomalmachineryandsomespliceosomalintrons,yet littleisknownabouttheearlystagesofevolutionofthespliceosomalapparatus.TheSm/Lsmfamilyofproteinshasbeen suggestedasoneoftheearliestcomponentsoftheemergingspliceosomeandhenceprovidesafirstin-depthglimpseinto theevolvingspliceosomalapparatus.Ananalysisof335SmandSm-likegenesfrom80speciesacrossallthreekingdomsof liferevealstwosignificantobservations.First,theeukaryoticSm/Lsmfamilyunderwenttworapidwavesofduplicationwith subsequentdivergenceresultingin14distinctgenes.Eachwaveresultedinamoresophisticatedspliceosome,reflectinga possiblejumpinthecomplexityoftheevolvingeukaryoticcell.Second,anunusuallyhighdegreeofconservationinintron positions is observed within individual orthologous Sm/Lsm genes and between some of the Sm/Lsm paralogs. This suggests that functionalspliceosomal introns existedbefore theemergence ofthe complete Sm/Lsm familyof proteins; hence,spliceosomalmachinerywithconsiderablyfewercomponentsthantoday’sspliceosomewasalreadyfunctional. Citation:VeretnikS,WillsC,YoukharibacheP,ValasRE,BournePE(2009)Sm/LsmGenesProvideaGlimpseintotheEarl

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