【精品】滚球(Petanque)历史41（休闲旅游运动）.docVIP

滾球(Petanque)歷史 人類玩滾球遊戲的紀錄能夠上溯到古埃及時期，考古學家曾在一個兒童的石棺附近發現許多石製的滾球，加上其他各種不同的證據，可得知在法老王的時代滾球就已存在發現。希臘亞歷山大大帝時，甚至有專門玩滾球的場地。 ? 此運動在當羅馬人與高盧人戰爭時傳入法國，羅馬時代在玩法和技術上有很大的進展。經過了幾世紀玩石製滾球的時光後，慢慢地人們開始用木材製造滾球。 ? 中古世紀滾球遊戲開始廣受歡迎，甚至有國王曾經因為士兵們風靡滾球至怠惰操練，而下令禁止滾球遊戲，民間的滾球熱潮讓他不得不退讓將禁止改成適當管制。 ? 文藝復興時期更是滾球運動的高峰，甚至連教宗都挑選滾球高手作為他軍隊的射石手。 ? 17世紀時，由於滾球太過受歡迎，法國網球 (Paumes) 製造商們感到深受競爭威脅，於是對國會施壓下，法國國會禁止滾球運動，但效果不彰，因為從村落到宮廷，人人都在玩滾球；再說各地區都已發展出在規則及技巧上不同的支脈。 ? 在醫學發展出強調玩滾球有益健康的一番說詞後，貴族們將玩滾球列為貴族的特權，直到法國大革命後，貴族階層不再，全國滾球熱潮又起。 ? 今日被承認為高等運動的 Petanque，是1907年在 Marseille馬賽東方小鎮 La Ciotat 拉喬塔發展出來的，Petanque來自普羅旺斯語? pes tanques 也就是玩的時候必須雙腳合併留在原地，越來越多馬賽港船員對此種玩法感興趣，和普羅旺斯地區的居民響應，船員每航行到各港口喜歡和夥伴在碼頭打打滾球，居民休息的時間也喜歡到陽光普照的戶外空地，互相切磋球技，滾球運動迅速地廣為人知，從時尚圈到各式社交圈，許多人都喜歡以玩滾球來突顯他們的休閒氣質。今天，這項活動已儼然成為法國人Life Style的象徵，歐洲、美洲及亞洲國家多已先後引進這項運動。 ? 法式滾球 Petanque，雖為運動，但並不激烈，非正式比賽時甚至可以穿得漂漂亮亮，一邊玩球一邊喝飲料、並與球友們談天說地，堪稱最優雅時尚的休閒型運動！ A BIT OF HISTORY (/) In 9000 BC stone bowls existed. They were found during excavations in the Neolithic city of Catal Hoyuk in Turkey. Nothing, however, proves that these bowls were used for games. The tense situation which existed during this period in Asia Minor makes one suppose that these ??bowls?? were used more for warlike activities rather than for playing. However, an adolescent and bowls were found in a sarcophagus in Egypt, dating from 5000 BC which leads us to believe that the bowls were used for a game. If we jump ahead a few thousand years, we find the Greeks who considered the game of bowls as an excellent exercise. It seems that at this period, throwing bowls was a simple manifestation of force. The object was to throw the bowl as far as possible. These exercises were encouraged by Hippocrate and later by Galien and Oribase, well-known in Greece for their medical achievements. They recommended this exercise as : good for developing the body, judgement, and dexterity. This is definite proof that this game existed at this period. Later, with the Romans, the game was transformed. The player had to get as near as possible