Stress and Childhood Asthma Risk Overlapping Evidence from Animal Studies and Epidemiologic Research 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Stress and Childhood Asthma Risk Overlapping Evidence from Animal Studies and Epidemiologic Research 英文参考文献.doc

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Stress and Childhood Asthma Risk Overlapping Evidence from Animal Studies and Epidemiologic Research 英文参考文献

ORIGINAL ARTICLE StressandChildhoodAsthmaRisk:OverlappingEvidence fromAnimalStudiesandEpidemiologicResearch RosalindJ.Wright,MD,MPH Rapidlyexpandingevidenceincreasinglystrengthenstheevidencelinkingpsychologicalfactorstoasthmaandallergyexpression. Parallelstudiesinanimalsandhumansdemonstratingtheinfluenceofprenatalmaternalstressandearlycaregivingexperienceson thedisruptedregulationofdefensivebiologicalsystems[eg,sympatheticandadrenomedullary(SAM)systemandthehypothalamic- pituitary-adrenocortical(HPA)axis]providestrongproofofconceptforthislineofresearch. Theconsequentalteredneuroimmune responses may influence the expression of immune-mediated disorders such as asthma as well as enhance an individual’s susceptibilitytootherenvironmentalfactorsthatmayalsocontributetoasthmarisk. Keywords: asthma,childhood,interactions,prenatal,stress Introduction prenatal exposures, may negatively influence neuroendo- crine and immune developmental processes relevant to asthma risk. Although studies of mechanisms by which perinatal stressmayincrease theriskofchildhood asthma are only beginning to emerge,9,10 proof of concept is provided bydrawing fromanimalstudiesontheeffectsof early-life adversity on stress neurobiology and develop- mentandmorerecenthumandatathatparalleltheanimal research.Thisoverviewprovidesaframeworkgroundedin thistheoreticalrationaleandmayguidefuturestudiesthat examine the mechanisms underlying the role of stress in asthma development inepidemiologic research. Efforts to understand the role of psychological stress in asthma expression and atopy are currently undergoing rapid expansion in the context of our increased under- standing of both the neurobiology of stress and asthma pathophysiology,1 as well as trying to determine why asthmaremainsaleadingcauseofhealthdisparitieslargely unexplained by known physical environmental factors.2,3 Notably, consensus statements by both the National Academy of Science and the National Institute of Environmental He