Study on a Concentric Tube Bulb Manometer and its Performance Compared to U-shaped Manometer 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2007, 7, 2835-2845 sensors ISSN 1424-8220 ? 2007 by MDPI /sensors Full Research Paper Study on a Concentric Tube Bulb Manometer and its Performance Compared to U-shaped Manometer Syed S. Daood 1,2*, Aamir Ijaz 2 and Muhammad A. Butt 2 1 School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, U.K. E-mail: S.S. Daood: pmssd@leeds.ac.uk; A. Ijaz: ijazaamir@. 2 Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore (54590), Pakistan. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: pmssd@leeds.ac.uk Received: 21 September 2007 / Accepted: 13 November 2007 / Published: 20 November 2007 Abstract: This paper presents comparative study of a new type of manometer called concentric tube bulb (C.T.B) manometer. Its performance of measuring differential height is studied against conventional U-shaped manometer. Pressure drops and mass flow rates are calculated by taking various systems comprising of different flow measuring devices such as orifice and venturimeters using both U- shaped and C.T.B manometers. Comparison between the physically measured values of differential pressure drops and mass flow rates with the calculated values based on theoretical equations is also made. Experiments are carried out using mercury and CCl4 in these manometers as sensing fluids. Water is used as flowing fluid for mass flow rate and pressure drop measurements, whereas in gauge pressure measurements air is used. Keywords: Comparative study, Differential height, Concentric tube bulb manometer, Mass flow rates, Sensing fluids. 1. Introduction In 1661 Dutch physicist and astronomer Christian Huygens invented the U tube manometer, which was a modification of Torricellis barometer for determining gas pressure differences. Although the manometer is one of the earliest pressure measuring instruments, it is s