Survival of Ascaris eggs and hygienic quality of human excreta in Vietnamese composting latrines 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Survival of Ascaris eggs and hygienic quality of human excreta in Vietnamese composting latrines 英文参考文献.doc

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Survival of Ascaris eggs and hygienic quality of human excreta in Vietnamese composting latrines 英文参考文献

Environmental Health BioMedCentral Research Open Access Survival of Ascaris eggs and hygienic quality of human excreta in Vietnamese composting latrines Peter KM Jensen*1, Pham D Phuc2, Flemming Konradsen1, Lise T Klank3 and Anders Dalsgaard4 Address: 1Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, ?ster Farimagsgade 5. PO Box 2099.1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark, 2National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Division of Enteric Infections, 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, Vietnam, 3National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790, Copenhagen V, Denmark and 4Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 15, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark Email: Peter KM Jensen* - petkj@sund.ku.dk; Pham D Phuc - pdphuc72@; Flemming Konradsen - fko@sund.ku.dk; Lise T Klank - ltj@vet.dtu.dk; Anders Dalsgaard - ad@life.ku.dk * Corresponding author Published: 16 December 2009 Received: 26 June 2009 Accepted: 16 December 2009 Environmental Health 2009, 8:57 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-8-57 This article is available from: /content/8/1/57 ? 2009 Jensen et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: For centuries farmers in Vietnam have fertilized their fields with human excreta collected directly from their household latrines. Contrary to the official guideline of six-month storage, the households usually only store human excreta for three to four months before use, since this is the length of time that farmers have available to produce fertilizer between two cropping seasons. This study aimed to investigate whether hygienically safe