Theory of sampling and its application in tissue based diagnosis 英文参考文献.docVIP

Diagnostic Pathology BioMedCentral Research Open Access Theory of sampling and its application in tissue based diagnosis Klaus Kayser*1, Holger Schultz2, Torsten Goldmann2, Jürgen G?rtler3, Gian Kayser4 and Ekkehard Vollmer2 Address: 1UICC-TPCC, Institute of Pathology, Charite, Berlin, Germany, 2Clin. Exp. Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany, 3Deep Computing, IBM, Amsterdam, the Netherlands and 4Institute of Pathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany Email: Klaus Kayser* - klaus.kayser@charite.de; Holger Schultz - hschultz@fz-borstel.de; Torsten Goldmann - tgoldmann@fz-borstel.de; Jürgen G?rtler - goertler@; Gian Kayser - gian.kayser@uniklinik-freiburg.de; Ekkehard Vollmer - evollmer@fz-borstel.de * Corresponding author Published: 16 February 2009 Received: 27 January 2009 Accepted: 16 February 2009 Diagnostic Pathology 2009, 4:6 doi:10.1186/1746-1596-4-6 This article is available from: /content/4/1/6 ? 2009 Kayser et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: A general theory of sampling and its application in tissue based diagnosis is presented. Sampling is defined as extraction of information from certain limited spaces and its transformation into a statement or measure that is valid for the entire (reference) space. The procedure should be reproducible in time and space, i.e. give the same results when applied under similar circumstances. Sampling includes two different aspects, the procedure of sample selection and the efficiency of its performance. The practical performance of sample selection focuses on search for localization of specific compartments within the basic space, and search for presence of specific compartments. Me