Therapeutic Potential of Non-Psychotropic Cannabidiol in Ischemic Stroke 英文参考文献.docVIP

Pharmaceuticals 2010, 3, 2197-2212; doi:10.3390/ph3072197 OPEN ACCESS pharmaceuticals ISSN 1424-8247 /journal/pharmaceuticals Review Therapeutic Potential of Non-Psychotropic Cannabidiol in Ischemic Stroke Kazuhide Hayakawa *, Kenichi Mishima and Michihiro Fujiwara Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan; E-Mails: kenichi@fukuoka-u.ac.jp (K.M.); mfuji@fukuoka-u.ac.jp (M.F.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: khayakawa322@yahoo.co.jp; Tel.: +81-92-871-6631; Fax: +81-92-863-0389. Received: 10 June 2010; in revised form: 29 June 2010/ Accepted: 6 July 2010 / Published: 8 July 2010 Abstract: Cannabis contains the psychoactive component delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC), and the non-psychoactive components cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol, and cannabigerol. It is well-known that delta9-THC and other cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists are neuroprotective during global and focal ischemic injury. Additionally, delta9-THC also mediates psychological effects through the activation of the CB1 receptor in the central nervous system. In addition to the CB1 receptor agonists, cannabis also contains therapeutically active components which are CB1 receptor independent. Of the CB1 receptor-independent cannabis, the most important is CBD. In the past five years, an increasing number of publications have focused on the discovery of the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective effects of CBD. In particular, CBD exerts positive pharmacological effects in ischemic stroke and other chronic diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. The cerebroprotective action of CBD is CB1 receptor-independent, long-lasting, and has potent anti-oxidant activity. Importantly, CBD use does not lead to tolerance. In this review, we will discuss the th