Thin Film on CMOS Active Pixel Sensor for Space Applications 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2008, 8, 6340-6354; DOI: 10.3390/s8106340 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /sensors Article Thin Film on CMOS Active Pixel Sensor for Space Applications Jan Dirk Schulze Spuentrup 1,*, Joachim N. Burghartz 1, Heinz-Gerd Graf 1, Christine Harendt 1, Franz Hutter 1, Markus Nicke 1, Uwe Schmidt 2, Markus Schubert 3 and Juergen Sterzel 2 1 Institut fuer Mikroelektronik Stuttgart, Allmandring 30a, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; E-mails: burghartz@ims-chips.de; graf@ims-chips.de; harendt@ims-chips.de; hutter@ims-chips.de; markus.nicke@ 2 Jena-Optronik GmbH, 07745 Jena, Germany; E-mails: uwe.schmidt@jena-optronik.de; juergen.sterzel@jena-optronik.de 3 Institut fuer Physikalische Elektronik Universitaet Stuttgart / 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; E-mail: markus.schubert@ipe.uni-stuttgart.de; * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: spuentrup@ims-chips.de; Tel.: +49-711-21855-286; Fax: +49-711-21855-111 Received: 8 September 2008; in revised form: 23 September 2008 / Accepted: 8 October 2008 / Published: 13 October 2008 Abstract: A 664 x 664 element Active Pixel image Sensor (APS) with integrated analog signal processing, full frame synchronous shutter and random access for applications in star sensors is presented and discussed. A thick vertical diode array in Thin Film on CMOS (TFC) technology is explored to achieve radiation hardness and maximum fill factor. Keywords: imager; APS; star sensor, global shutter, radiation hardness. 1. Introduction Autonomous star sensors determine the position of satellites and space probes by using recorded patterns of star constellations. The design of image sensors used for this application is defined by the capability of a chronological assignment and interpolation of the recorded image data with a sub-pixel resolution combined with a resistance to accumulated and temporary irradiation as well as a minimum of power consumption and weight at system level. Unlike CMOS image