Traffic-related air pollution exposures and changes in heart rate variability in Mexico City A panel study 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Traffic-related air pollution exposures and changes in heart rate variability in Mexico City A panel study 英文参考文献.doc

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Traffic-related air pollution exposures and changes in heart rate variability in Mexico City A panel study 英文参考文献

Shieldsetal.EnvironmentalHealth2013,12:7 /content/12/1/7 RESEARCH OpenAccess Traffic-relatedairpollutionexposuresand changesinheartratevariabilityinMexicoCity: Apanelstudy KyraNaumoffShields1*,JenniferMCavallari2,MeganJOlsonHunt3,MarianaLazo4,MarioMolina5, LuisaMolina6andFernandoHolguin7 Abstract Background:Whileairpollutionexposureshavebeenlinkedtocardiovascularoutcomes,thecontributionfrom acutegasandparticletraffic-relatedpollutantsremainsunclear.Usingapanelstudydesignwithrepeated measures,weexaminedassociationsbetweenpersonalexposurestotraffic-relatedairpollutantsinMexicoCityand changesinheartratevariability(HRV)inapopulationofresearchersaged22to56years. Methods:Participantsweremonitoredforapproximately9.5hoursforeightdayswhileoperatingamobile laboratoryvandesignedtocharacterizetrafficpollutantswhiledrivingintrafficand“chasing”dieselbuses.We examinedtheassociationbetweenHRVparameters(standarddeviationofnormal-to-normalintervals(SDNN), powerinhighfrequency(HF)andlowfrequency(LF),andtheLF/HFratio)andthe5-minutemaximum(oraverage inthecaseofPM2.5)and30-,60-,and90-minutemovingaveragesofairpollutants(PM2.5,O3,CO,CO2,NO2,NOx, andformaldehyde)usingsingle-andtwo-pollutantlinearmixed-effectsmodels. Results:Short-termexposuretotraffic-relatedemissionswasassociatedwithstatisticallysignificantacutechanges inHRV.Gaseouspollutants–particularlyozone–wereassociatedwithreductionsintimeandfrequencydomain components(α=0.05),whilesignificantpositiveassociationswereobservedbetweenPM2.5andSDNN,HF,andLF. Forozoneandformaldehyde,negativeassociationstypicallyincreasedinmagnitudeandsignificancewith increasingaveragingperiods.TheassociationsforCO,CO2,NO2,andNOxweresimilarwithstatisticallysignificant associationsobservedforSDNN,butnotHForLF.Incontrast,PM2.5increasedtheseHRVparameters. Conclusions:Resultsrevealedanassociationbetweentraffic-relatedPMexposuresandacutechangesinHRVina middle-agedpopulationwhenPMexposureswererelativelylow(14μg/m3)anddemonstrateheterogeneityinthe effectsofdiffere