Traffic-related air toxics and preterm birth a population-based case-control study in Los Angeles county, California 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Traffic-related air toxics and preterm birth a population-based case-control study in Los Angeles county, California 英文参考文献.doc

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Traffic-related air toxics and preterm birth a population-based case-control study in Los Angeles county, California 英文参考文献

Wilhelmetal.EnvironmentalHealth2011,10:89 /content/10/1/89 RESEARCH OpenAccess Traffic-relatedairtoxicsandpretermbirth:a population-basedcase-controlstudyinLos Angelescounty,California MichelleWilhelm1*,JoKayGhosh1,JasonSu2,MylesCockburn3,MichaelJerrett2andBeateRitz1 Abstract Background:Numerousstudieshaveassociatedairpollutantexposureswithadversebirthoutcomes,butthereis stillrelativelylittleinformationtoattributeeffectstospecificemissionsourcesorairtoxics.Weusedthreeexposure datasourcestoexaminerisksofpretermbirthinLosAngeleswomenwhenexposedtohighlevelsoftraffic- relatedairpollutants-includingspecifictoxics-duringpregnancy. Methods:Weidentifiedbirthsduring6/1/04-3/31/06towomenresidingwithinfivemilesofaSouthernCalifornia AirQualityManagementDistrict(SCAQMD)MultipleAirToxicsExposureStudy(MATESIII)monitoringstation.We identifiedpretermcasesand,usingarisksetapproach,matchedcasestocontrolsbasedongestationalageat birth.Pregnancyperiodexposureaverageswereestimatedforanumberofairtoxicsincludingpolycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),source-specificPM2.5 (fineparticulateswithaerodynamicdiameterlessthan2.5μm)basedon aChemicalMassBalancemodel,criteriaairpollutantsbasedongovernmentmonitoringdata,andlanduse regression(LUR)estimatesofnitricoxide(NO),nitrogendioxide(NO2)andnitrogenoxides(NOx ).Associations betweenthesemetricsandoddsofpretermbirthwereestimatedusingconditionallogisticregression. Results:Oddsofpretermbirthincreased6-21%perinter-quartilerangeincreaseinentirepregnancyexposuresto organiccarbon(OC),elementalcarbon(EC),benzene,anddiesel,biomassburningandammoniumnitratePM2.5, and30%perinter-quartileincreaseinPAHs;thesepollutantswerepositivelycorrelatedandclusteredtogetherina factoranalysis.AssociationswithLURexposuremetricswereweaker(3-4%perinter-quartilerangeincrease). Conclusions:Theselatestanalysesprovideadditionalevidenceoftraffic-relatedairpollution’simpactonpreterm birthforwomenlivinginSouthernCaliforniaandindicatePAHsasapollutantofconcernthatshouldbeafocus offutur