ch2-v6 Intro to Relational Model要点.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ?Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan 2.* Database System Concepts - 6th Edition Database System Concepts, 6th Ed. ?Silberschatz, Korth and SudarshanSee for conditions on re-use Chapter 2: Intro to Relational Model Chapter 2: Relational Model 2.1 Structure of Relational Databases 2.2 Database Schema 2.3 Keys 2.4 Schema Diagrams 2.5 Relational Query Languages 2.6 Relational Operations Example of a Relation attributes (or columns) tuples (or rows) 2.1 Structure of Relational Databases Attribute Types The set of allowed values for each attribute is called the domain of the attribute Attribute values are (normally) required to be atomic; that is, indivisible The special value null is a member of every domain The null value causes complications in the definition of many operations 2.1 Structure of Relational Databases Relation Schema and Instance A1, A2, …, An are attributes R = (A1, A2, …, An ) is a relation schema Example: instructor = (ID, name, dept_name, salary) Formally, given sets D1, D2, …. Dn a relation r is a subset of D1 x D2 x … x DnThus, a relation is a set of n-tuples (a1, a2, …, an) where each ai ? Di The current values (relation instance) of a relation are specified by a table An element t of r is a tuple, represented by a row in a table 2.1 Structure of Relational Databases Relations are Unordered Order of tuples is irrelevant Example: instructor relation with unordered tuples 2.1 Structure of Relational Databases * 2.1.1关系数据结构 关 系 结 构 基 本 性质 第2章 关系模型与运算： 2.1 关系数据模型（2） 列的同质性，一列数据取自同一域 异列同域性，不同列可取相同域的数据 列的无序性 元组相异性，不存在 两个完全相同的元组 属性原子性，域的原子性 2.2 Database Schema A database consists of multiple relations Information about an enterprise is broken up into parts instructor student advisor Bad design: univ (instructor -ID, name, dept_name, salary, student_Id, ..) results in ： repetition of information the need for null values Normalization theory (Chapter 7) deals with how