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Dominance induction of fruitlet shedding in Malus × domestica (L. Borkh) molecular changes associated with polar auxin transport.doc

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Dominance induction of fruitlet shedding in Malus × domestica (L. Borkh) molecular changes associated with polar auxin transport

BMC Plant Biology BioMedCentral Research article Open Access Dominance induction of fruitlet shedding in Malus × domestica (L. Borkh): molecular changes associated with polar auxin transport Valeriano Dal Cin*1,3, Riccardo Velasco2 and Angelo Ramina1 Address: 1Department of Environmental Agronomy and Crop Science, University of Padova, Viale dellUniversità 16, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy, 2Experimental Institute for Agriculture, via Mach 2 San Michele allAdige, 38010 Trento, Italy and 3Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, PO Box 116090, USA Email: Valeriano Dal Cin* - vdalcin@; Riccardo Velasco - riccardo.velasco@iasma.it; Angelo Ramina - angelo.ramina@unipd.it * Corresponding author Published: 26 November 2009 Received: 17 June 2009 Accepted: 26 November 2009 BMC Plant Biology 2009, 9:139 doi:10.1186/1471-2229-9-139 This article is available from: /1471-2229/9/139 ? 2009 Dal Cin et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Apple fruitlet abscission is induced by dominance, a process in which hormones such as auxin, cytokinins and strigolactone play a pivotal role. The response to these hormones is controlled by transcription regulators such as Aux/IAA and ARR, whereas auxin transport is controlled by influx and efflux carriers. Results: Seven partial clones encoding auxin efflux carriers (MdPIN1_A, MdPIN1_B, MdPIN10_A, MdPIN10_B, MdPIN4, MdPIN7_A and MdPIN7_B), three encoding auxin influx carriers (MdLAX1, MdLAX2 and MdLAX3) and three encoding type A ARR cytokinin response regulators (MdARR3, MdARR4 and MdARR6) were isolated by the use of degenerate primers. The organization of the PIN multigene family in apple is closer to Medicago t