Ecological Status of Rivers and Streams in Saxony (Germany) According to the Water Framework Directive and Prospects of Improvement.docVIP

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Ecological Status of Rivers and Streams in Saxony (Germany) According to the Water Framework Directive and Prospects of Improvement.doc

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Ecological Status of Rivers and Streams in Saxony (Germany) According to the Water Framework Directive and Prospects of Improvement

Water 2012, 4, 887-904; doi:10.3390/w4040887 OPEN ACCESS water ISSN 2073-4441 /journal/water Article Ecological Status of Rivers and Streams in Saxony (Germany) According to the Water Framework Directive and Prospects of Improvement Bernd Sp?nhoff *, Roland Dimmer, Holm Friese, Steve Harnapp, Frank Herbst, Kerstin Jenemann, Antje Mickel, Sylvia Rohde, Michaela Sch?nherr, Katrin Ziegler, Karin Kuhn and Uwe Müller Department of Water, Soil, Recyclables, Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, P.O. Box 540137, Dresden D-01311, Germany; E-Mails: roland.dimmer@smul.sachsen.de (R.D.); holm.friese@smul.sachsen.de (H.F.); steve.harnapp@smul.sachsen.de (S.H.); frank.herbst@smul.sachsen.de (F.H.); kerstin.jenemann@smul.sachsen.de (K.J.); antje.mickel@smul.sachsen.de (A.M.); sylvia.rohde@smul.sachsen.de (S.R.); michaela.schoenherr@smul.sachsen.de (M.S.); katrin.ziegler@smul.sachsen.de (K.Z.); karin.kuhn@smul.sachsen.de (K.K.); uwe.mueller@smul.sachsen.de (U.W.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: bernd.spaenhoff@smul.sachsen.de; Tel.: +49-351-8928-4419; Fax: +49-351-8928-4099. Received: 28 August 2012; in revised form: 23 September 2012 / Accepted: 1 November 2012 / Published: 9 November 2012 Abstract: The Federal State of Saxony (Germany) transposed the EU Water Framework Directive into state law, identifying 617 surface water bodies (rivers and streams) for implementation of the water framework directive (WFD). Their ecological status was classified by biological quality elements (macrophytes and phytobenthos, benthic invertebrates and fish, and in large rivers, phytoplankton) and specific synthetic and non-synthetic pollutants. Hydromorphological and physico-chemical quality elements were used to identify significant anthropogenic pressures, which surface water bodies are susceptible to, and to assess the effect of these pressures on the status of sur