Electronic Tongue for Qualitative Analysis of Aqueous Solutions of Salts Using Thick-film Technology and Metal Electrodes.docVIP

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Electronic Tongue for Qualitative Analysis of Aqueous Solutions of Salts Using Thick-film Technology and Metal Electrodes.doc

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Electronic Tongue for Qualitative Analysis of Aqueous Solutions of Salts Using Thick-film Technology and Metal Electrodes

Sensors 2006, 6, 1128-1138 sensors ISSN 1424-8220 ? 2006 by MDPI /sensors Full Paper Electronic Tongue for Qualitative Analysis of Aqueous Solutions of Salts Using Thick-film Technology and Metal Electrodes Luis Gil 1,*, Eduardo Garcia-Breijo 1, Javier Iba?ez 1, Roberto H. Labrador 2, Eduard Llobet 3, Ramón Martínez-Má?ez 2 and Juan Soto 2 1 Instituto de Química Molecular Aplicada and Grupo de Microelectrónica Híbrida, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46021, Valencia, Spain. Tel.:34-963877608; fax: 34-963877609 2 Instituto de Química Molecular Aplicada and Departamento de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46021, Valencia, Spain. Tel.: 34-963877343; fax: 34-963877349. E- mail: jsotoca@qim.upv.es 3 MINOS, Department of Electronic Engineering, University Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Pa?sos Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. Tel.: 34-977558502; fax: 34-977559605. E-mail: ellobet@etse.urv.es * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: lgil@eln.upv.es Received: 17 May 2006 / Accepted: 26 June 2006 / Published: 25 September 2006 Abstract: An electronic tongue for the qualitative analysis of aqueous solutions of salts has been developed. The following set of electrodes was used: RuO2, Ag, and Cu in thick-film technology and Au, Pb, Zn and Ni as small bars of the corresponding metal. The response of the designed “electronic tongue” was tested on a family of samples containing pure salt and complex mixtures. The electrodes were used as potentiometric un-specific sensors and the e.m.f. of each electrode in contact with a certain aqueous solution was used as input signal for a PCA analysis. The study showed that the set of electrodes were capable to discriminate between aqueous solutions of salts basically by their different content in anions and cations (the anions SO42-, Cl-, PO4H2-, CO3H-, NO3- and cations Na+ and K+ w