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Emerging role of radiolabeled nanoparticles as an effective diagnostic technique.doc

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Emerging role of radiolabeled nanoparticles as an effective diagnostic technique

deBarrosetal.EJNMMIResearch2012,2:39 /content/2/1/39 REVIEW OpenAccess Emergingroleofradiolabelednanoparticlesasan effectivediagnostictechnique AndréLuísBrancodeBarros1,2,3*,AndrewTsourkas3,BabakSaboury2,ValbertNascimentoCardoso1 andAbassAlavi2 Abstract Nanomedicineisemergingasapromisingapproachfordiagnosticapplications.Nanoparticlesarestructuresinthe nanometersizerange,whichcanpresentdifferentshapes,compositions,charges,surfacemodifications,invitroand invivostabilities,andinvivoperformances.Nanoparticlescanbemadeofmaterialsofdiversechemicalnature,the mostcommonbeingmetals,metaloxides,silicates,polymers,carbon,lipids,andbiomolecules.Nanoparticlesexist invariousmorphologies,suchasspheres,cylinders,platelets,andtubes.Radiolabelednanoparticlesrepresentanew classofagentwithgreatpotentialforclinicalapplications.Thisispartlyduetotheirlongbloodcirculationtime andplasmastability.Inaddition,becauseofthehighsensitivityofimagingwithradiolabeledcompounds,theiruse haspromiseofachievingaccurateandearlydiagnosis.Thisreviewarticlefocusesontheapplicationofradiolabeled nanoparticlesindetectingdiseasessuchascancerandcardiovasculardiseasesandalsopresentsanoverviewabout theformulation,stability,andbiologicalpropertiesofthenanoparticlesusedfordiagnosticpurposes. Keywords:nanoparticles,PETimaging,SPECTimaging,tumor,inflammation,cardiovasculardisease Review Introduction Nanoparticles can be made of materials of diverse chemical nature, the most common being metals, metal Nanomedicinecanbedefinedastheuseofnanoparticles oxides, silicates, polymers, carbon, lipids and biomole- for diagnosis, monitoring physical and pathologic pro- cules. Nanoparticles exist in several different morpholo- cesses,fortherapy,andforcontrolof biologicalsystems gies, such as spheres, cylinders, platelets, and tubes. [1].Nanoparticlesaredefinedasstructuresthatarenan- Generally, they are designed with surface modifications ometers in size (often smaller than 100 nm) [2-4]. As tailored to meet the ne