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2017-05-16 发布于上海
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Endocrine disruptor screening regulatory perspectives and needs.doc

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Endocrine disruptor screening regulatory perspectives and needs

HeckerandHollertEnvironmentalSciencesEurope2011,23:15 /content/23/1/15 DISCUSSION OpenAccess Endocrinedisruptorscreening:regulatory perspectivesandneeds MarkusHecker1*andHennerHollert2* Abstract Nationalandinternationalgovernmentsareintheprocessofestablishingtestingprogramsandstrategiestoassess thesafetyofcurrentlyusedchemicalswithregardtotheirpotentialtointeractwiththeendocrinesystemofman andwildlife,resultinginpotentialimpactsonreproduction,growth,and/ordevelopment.Specifically,theUSA, Japan,EU,andOECDhaveestablishedtestingapproachesandregulatoryframeworkswithaimtoassesstherisks associatedwithchemicalsthathaveendocrinedisruptingproperties(EDCs).Whiletherehasbeenalargeamount ofeffortsoverthepasttwodecadesincontextwiththeassessmentofchemicalsafety,nocomparableattempts toharmonizeandmutuallyaccepttestingstrategiesanddecision-makingcriteriaforenvironmentalmonitoring andassessmentexisttodateforEDCs.Infact,manyofthecurrentenvironmentalprogramssuchastheEuropean WaterFrameworkDirective(WFD)ortheUSCleanWaterActdonotexplicitlytestforEDCs,andconsideringthe uniquerequirementsandendpointsrequiredtoassesstheendocrinepotentialofasample,theseprogramsare unlikelytoappropriatelyaddressexposuretothesechemicals.ThisisofgreatconcernsinceEDCsareubiquitousin theenvironment,especiallyinaquaticecosystems.OneofmostimportantsourcesforEDCsintheenvironmentis theeffluentfromsewagetreatmentplants.ManyEDCssuchasthenaturalandsyntheticestrogens17b-estradiol and17a-ethinylestradiol,respectively,arenotcompletelyremovedwithconventionalwastewatertreatment systems.Inrecognitionoftheseconcerns,inEurope,thereisincreasingpressuretofurtherdevelopadvanced wastewatertreatmentmethods,suchasozonationandactivatedcarbontreatmentforabroadapplicationin municipalwastewatertreatment.Anotherissueisthecontinuinglackofunderstandingoftheenvironmental relevanceofthephenomenonofED.AgreatnumberofstudieshavebeenconductedtodescribepotentialEDin wildandlaboratoryanimals.Mostofthesestudiesreliedonbiomarkersofestrogenicitysuc