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Estimated breeding values and association mapping for persistency and total milk yield using natural cubic smoothing splines.doc

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Estimated breeding values and association mapping for persistency and total milk yield using natural cubic smoothing splines

Genetics Selection Evolution BioMedCentral Research Open Access Estimatedbreedingvaluesandassociation mappingforpersistency andtotal milk yield using natural cubic smoothing splines 1 Klara LVerbyla* andArunas PVerbyla 2,3 Addresses: 1VictorianDepartmentofPrimaryIndustries,Bundoora,VIC,3083,Australia, 2SchoolofAgriculture,FoodandWine,TheUniversity ofAdelaide, Adelaide, SA5005,Australia and 3Mathematical andInformation Sciences, CSIRO, Urrbrae, SA5064,Australia E-mail: Klara LVerbyla* -Klara.Verbyla@.au; Arunas PVerbyla -ari.verbyla@.au *Corresponding author Published: 05November 2009 Received: 23March 2009 Accepted: 5November 2009 Genetics Selection Evolution 2009, 41:48 doi:10.1186/1297-9686-41-48 This article isavailable from: /content/41/1/48 ?2009Verbyla andVerbyla; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. ThisisanOpenAccess article distributed undertheterms oftheCreative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use,distribution, andreproduction inanymedium, provided theoriginal workisproperly cited. Abstract Background: Fordairy producers, areliable description oflactation curves isavaluable tool for management and selection. From abreeding and production viewpoint, milk yield persistency and total milkyield areimportant traits. Understanding thegenetic drivers forthephenotypic variation of both these traits could provide ameans for improving these traits in commercial production. Methods: It has been shown that Natural Cubic Smoothing Splines (NCSS) can model the features oflactation curves with greater flexibility than the traditional parametric methods. NCSS were used to model the sire effect on the lactation curves of cows. The sire solutions for persistency andtotalmilkyieldwerederived usingNCSSandawhole-genome approach basedona hierarchical model was developed for a large association study using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Results: Estimated sirebreeding values (EBV) forpersistency andmilkyieldw