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Estimation of Evapotranspiration from Fields with and without Cover Crops Using Remote Sensing and in situ Methods.doc

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Estimation of Evapotranspiration from Fields with and without Cover Crops Using Remote Sensing and in situ Methods

Remote Sens. 2012, 4, 3796-3812; doi:10.3390/rs4123796 OPEN ACCESS Remote Sensing ISSN 2072-4292 /journal/remotesensing Article Estimation of Evapotranspiration from Fields with and without Cover Crops Using Remote Sensing and in situ Methods Brett Hankerson 1,*, Jeppe Kjaersgaard 2 and Christopher Hay 1 1 Department of Agriculture and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; E-Mail: christopher.hay@ 2 South Dakota Water Resources Institute, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; E-Mails: jeppe.kjaersgaard@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: brett.hankerson@; Tel.: +1-605-688-5145; Fax: +1-605-688-6764. Received: 15 October 2012; in revised form: 20 November 2012 / Accepted: 23 November 2012 / Published: 29 November 2012 Abstract: Estimation of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) based on remotely sensed imagery is very valuable in agricultural regions where ETa rates can vary greatly from field to field. This research utilizes the image processing model METRIC (Mapping Evapotranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration) to estimate late season, post-harvest ETa rates from fields with a cover crop planted after a cash crop (in this case, a rye/radish/pea mixture planted after spring wheat). Remotely sensed EToF (unit-less fraction of grass-based reference ET, ETo) maps were generated using Erdas Imagine software for a 260 km2 area in northeastern South Dakota, USA. Meteorological information was obtained from a Bowen-Ratio Energy Balance System (BREBS) located within the image. Nine image dates were used for the growing season, from May through October. Five of those nine were captured during the cover crop season. METRIC was found to successfully differentiate between fields with and without cover crops. In a blind comparison, METRIC compared favorably with the estimated ETa rates found using the BRE