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Evaluation of Commercial Probes for On-Line Electrical Conductivity Measurements during Goat Gland Milking Process.doc

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Evaluation of Commercial Probes for On-Line Electrical Conductivity Measurements during Goat Gland Milking Process

Sensors2012,12,4493-4513;doi:10.3390/s120404493 OPENACCESS sensors ISSN1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article EvaluationofCommercialProbesforOn-LineElectrical ConductivityMeasurementsduringGoatGlandMilkingProcess GemaRomero,JoseRamonD′?az,JoseMariaSabater andCarlosPerez ? DepartmentofTecnolog′?aAgroalimentaria,EscuelaPolit′ecnicaSuperiordeOrihuelaand DepartmentofIngenier′?adeSistemasyAutomatica,nBioGroup,QuorumVBuilding, CampusdeElche,UniversidadMiguelHern′andez,Spain;E-Mails:gemaromero@umh.es(G.R.); jr.diaz@umh.es(J.R.D.);carlos.perez@umh.es(C.P.) ? Authortowhomcorrespondenceshouldbeaddressed;E-Mail:j.sabater@umh.es. Received:18January2012;inrevisedform:21February2012/Accepted:16March2012/ Published:10April2012 Abstract: The measurement of the milk electrical conductivity (EC) during mechanical milking has been widely studied for mastitis detection on cows because its improving of welfareandanimalhealth,althoughresearchaboutsmallruminantsisscarce. Theaimof thisstudywastoevaluatetheperformanceofthreecommercialconductimeterstobeused duringmechanicalmilkingofsmallruminanthalves,especiallyMurciano-Granadinagoats. Theobjectiveofthisresearchwastointegratetheprobesonthemilkingunitandtocheckthe suitabilityoftheprobeselected. Theresultspresentedinthisresearchhaveguidedauthors todiscardthecommercialprobesandtoestablishtherequirementsofanewprobedesign thatisbrie?youtlinedintheconclusionsofthiscontribution. Keywords:electricalconductivity;on-linemeasurements;goatmilk;mastitisdetection 1.Introduction Food Hygiene regulations approved in 2004 and 2005 by the UE aim to assure public health protection, aswellasanimalhealthandwelfare. Goodagriculturalandfarmingpracticesneedtobe implementedandpromotedintheprimarysectorasa?rststepforafutureanalysisimplementationof hazardandcriticalcontrolpoints(HCCP). Sensors2012,12 4494 Electricalconductivity(EC)devicesduringmilkingmayimprovemastitisdetectionandthusimprove smallruminantwelfareandhealth. Ithasbeenwidelystudiedformasti