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Exposure to phthalates among premenstrual girls from rural and urban Gharbiah, Egypt A pilot exposure assessment study.doc

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Exposure to phthalates among premenstrual girls from rural and urban Gharbiah, Egypt A pilot exposure assessment study

Colacinoetal.EnvironmentalHealth2011,10:40 /content/10/1/40 RESEARCH OpenAccess Exposuretophthalatesamongpremenstrualgirls fromruralandurbanGharbiah,Egypt:Apilot exposureassessmentstudy JustinAColacino1,2,AmrSSoliman2,3,AntoniaMCalafat4,MunaSNahar1,AdrienneVanZomeren-Dohm1, AhmedHablas5,IbrahimASeifeldin5,LauraSRozek1?andDanaCDolinoy1*? Abstract Background:Phthalateshavebeenidentifiedasendocrineactivecompoundsassociatedwithdevelopmentaland reproductivetoxicity.TheexposuretophthalatesinpremenstrualEgyptianfemalesremainsunknown.The objectiveofthisstudywastocharacterizephthalateexposureofapotentiallyvulnerablepopulationof premenstrualgirlsfromurbanandruralEgypt. Materialsandmethods:Wecollectedonespoturinesamplefrom6010-13yearoldfemales,30fromruralEgypt, and30fromurbanEgyptfromJulytoOctober2009.Sampleswereanalyzedfor11phthalatemetabolites. Additionally,wecollectedanthropometricsaswellasquestionnairedataconcerningfoodstoragebehaviors, cookingpractices,andcosmeticuse.Phthalatemetaboliteconcentrationswerecomparedbetweenurbanandrural EgyptiansaswellastoageandgendermatchedAmericans. Results:Monoethylphthalate(MEP),wasdetectedatthehighestconcentrationinurineofEgyptiangirls(median: 43.2ng/mLinrural,98.8ng/mLinurban).Concentrationsofurinarymetabolitesofdi-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalateand dibutylphthalatewerecomparablebetweenEgyptiansandagematchedUSgirls.Storageoffoodinplastic containerswasastatisticallysignificantpredictorofurinarymono-isobutylphthalate(MiBP)concentrationswhen comparingcovariateadjustedmeans. Conclusions:UrinaryconcentrationsofphthalatemetabolitesweresimilarinEgyptianandUSpopulations, suggestingthatphthalateexposurealsooccursindevelopingnations.Dietaryintakeislikelyanimportantrouteof exposuretophthalatesinbothurbanandruralpopulations. Background (DEP) and dimethyl phthalate (DMP), are used in cos- Phthalates are a family of chemicals that have a wide metics,insecticides,andpharmaceuticalapplications[2]. rangeofapplicationsinconsumergoods,includingchil- Phthal